Marzo, Claire --- "A Dual European Social Citizenship?" [2011] ELECD 890; in Moreau, Marie-Ange (ed), "Before and After the Economic Crisis" (Edward Elgar Publishing, 2011)

Book Title: Before and After the Economic Crisis

Editor(s): Moreau, Marie-Ange

Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing

ISBN (hard cover): 9781849809924

Section: Chapter 11

Section Title: A Dual European Social Citizenship?

Author(s): Marzo, Claire

Number of pages: 15

Extract:

11. A dual European social
citizenship?
Claire Marzo

INTRODUCTION

Professor Bercusson was one of the first authors to argue for a social citi-
zenship at the EU level. In his manifesto,1 he foresaw its possible evolution
at a time when European citizenship was still considered an empty shell.2
He argued in favour of a social citizenship: he believed that the European
Union could be given a social turn and fought his whole life to make this
come true.3
European citizenship has indeed been transformed. Instead of reflect-
ing only political rights, it has been associated with the freedom of
movement of workers.4 After the Martínez Sala case, it was given a
social content.5 Article 21 FEU (formerly Article 18 EC) concerning
the freedom of movement of European citizens and Article 18 FEU
(formerly Article 12 EC) concerning the principle of non-discrimination
on grounds of nationality were associated to extend rights formerly
limited to workers. Social benefits were given to European citizens on


1 Mückenberger, U., B. Bercusson,S. Deakin, P. Koistinen, Y. Kravaritou, A.

Supiot and B. Veneziani (1997), `Manifesto for a Social Europe', European Law
Journal, 3 (2), 189­205.
2 Jacqueson, C. (2002), `Union Citizenship and the Court of Justice,

Something New under the Sun? Towards Social Citizenship', European Law
Review, 3, 260­281
3 Bercusson, B. (1993), `EU Citizenship and Fundamental Social Rights:

Community Law, European Law, National Law', in P. Rodière (ed.), La citoy-
enneté européenne ...