48—Method of counting and provisional declarations
(1) The returning
officer must, with the assistance of any other electoral officers who may be
present, and in the presence of any scrutineers who may be present, conduct
the counting of the votes in an election to fill more than 1 vacancy
according to the following method:
(a) the
number of first preference votes given for each candidate and the total number
of all such votes must be ascertained and a quota determined by dividing the
total number of first preference votes by one more than the number of
candidates required to be elected and by increasing the quotient so obtained
(disregarding any remainder) by one and, where any candidate has received a
number of first preference votes equal to or greater than the quota, the
returning officer must make a provisional declaration that the candidate has
been elected;
(b)
notwithstanding paragraph (a) or any other paragraph of this subsection,
if the total number of all first preference votes does not exceed—
(i)
150; or
(ii)
where a different number is prescribed for the purposes
of this paragraph—that number,
the number of votes of any kind contained in the ballot papers will, for the
purposes of any counting or calculation under paragraph (a) or any other
paragraph of this subsection, be taken to be the number obtained by
multiplying the number of votes of that kind contained in the ballot papers by
100;
(c)
unless all the vacancies have been filled, the surplus votes of each elected
candidate must be transferred to the continuing candidates as follows:
(i)
the number of surplus votes of the elected candidate must
be divided by the number of first preference votes received by that candidate
and the resulting fraction will be the transfer value;
(ii)
the total number of the first preference votes for the
elected candidate that are contained in ballot papers that express the next
available preference for a particular continuing candidate must be multiplied
by the transfer value, the number so obtained (disregarding any fraction) must
be added to the number of first preference votes of the continuing candidate
and all those ballot papers must be transferred to the continuing candidate,
and, where any continuing candidate has received a number of votes equal to or
greater than the quota on the completion of any such transfer, the returning
officer must make a provisional declaration that the candidate has been
elected;
(d)
unless all the vacancies have been filled, the surplus votes (if any) of any
candidate elected under paragraph (c), or elected subsequently under this
paragraph, must be transferred to the continuing candidates in accordance with
paragraph (c)(i) and (ii) and, where any continuing candidate has
received a number of votes equal to or greater than the quota on the
completion of any such transfer, the returning officer must make a provisional
declaration that the candidate has been elected;
(e) if a
continuing candidate has received a number of votes equal to or greater than
the quota on the completion of a transfer under paragraph (c) or (d) of
the surplus votes of a particular elected candidate, no votes of any other
candidate may be transferred to the continuing candidate;
(f) for
the purposes of the application of paragraph (c)(i) and (ii) in relation
to a transfer under paragraph (d) or (h) of the surplus votes of an
elected candidate, each ballot paper of the elected candidate that was
obtained on a transfer under this subsection must be dealt with as if any vote
it expressed for the elected candidate were a first preference vote, as if the
name of any other candidate previously elected or excluded had not been on the
ballot paper and as if the numbers indicating subsequent preferences had been
altered accordingly;
(g) if,
after the counting of first preference votes or the election of a candidate
and the transfer of the surplus votes (if any) of the elected candidate that
are capable of being transferred, no candidate has, or less than the number of
candidates required to be elected have, received a number of votes equal to
the quota, the candidate who has the fewest votes must be excluded and all the
excluded candidate's votes must be transferred to the continuing candidates as
follows:
(i)
the total number of the first preference votes for the
excluded candidate that are contained in ballot papers that express the next
available preference for a particular continuing candidate must be
transferred, each first preference vote at a transfer value of one, to the
continuing candidate and added to the number of votes of the
continuing candidate and all those ballot papers must be transferred to the
continuing candidate;
(ii)
the total number (if any) of other votes obtained by the
excluded candidate on transfers under this subsection must be transferred from
the excluded candidate in the order of the transfers on which they were
obtained, the votes obtained on the earliest transfer being transferred first,
as follows:
(A) the total number of votes transferred
to the excluded candidate from a particular candidate that are contained in
ballot papers that express the next available preference for a particular
continuing candidate must be multiplied by the transfer value at which the
votes were so transferred to the excluded candidate;
(B) the number so obtained (disregarding
any fraction) must be added to the number of votes of the
continuing candidate;
(C) all those ballot papers must be
transferred to the continuing candidate;
(h) if
any continuing candidate has received a number of votes equal to or greater
than the quota on the completion of a transfer under paragraph (g) or (i)
of votes of an excluded candidate, the returning officer must make a
provisional declaration that the candidate has been elected and, unless all
the vacancies have been filled, the surplus votes (if any) of the candidate so
elected must be transferred in accordance with paragraph (c)(i) and (ii),
except that, if the candidate so elected is elected before all the votes of
the excluded candidate have been transferred, the surplus votes (if any) of
the candidate so elected must not be transferred until the remaining votes of
the excluded candidate have been transferred in accordance with
paragraph (g)(i) and (ii) to continuing candidates;
(i)
subject to paragraph (k), if, after the exclusion of
a candidate and the transfer of the votes (if any) of the excluded candidate
that are capable of being transferred, no continuing candidate has received a
number of votes greater than the quota, the continuing candidate who has the
fewest votes must be excluded and his or her votes transferred in accordance
with paragraph (g)(i) and (ii);
(j) if a
candidate is elected as a result of a transfer of the first preference votes
of an excluded candidate or a transfer of all the votes of an excluded
candidate that were transferred to the excluded candidate from a particular
candidate, no other votes of the excluded candidate may be transferred to the
candidate so elected;
(k) in
respect of the last vacancy for which two continuing candidates remain, the
returning officer must make a provisional declaration that the
continuing candidate who has the larger number of votes has been elected
notwithstanding that that number is below the quota and, if those candidates
have the same number of votes, the candidate with the larger number of votes
at the last preceding count or transfer will be taken to be the elected and,
if the number of votes at that count or transfer was equal, the
returning officer must, in the presence of any scrutineers who may be present,
draw lots to determine which of the candidates is to be elected;
(l)
notwithstanding any other provision of this subsection, if, on the completion
of a transfer of votes under this subsection, the number of
continuing candidates is equal to the number of remaining unfilled vacancies,
the returning officer must make a provisional declaration that those
candidates have been elected;
(m) for
the purposes of this subsection—
(i)
the order of election of candidates will be taken to be
in accordance with the order of the count or transfer as a result of which
they were elected, the candidates (if any) elected on the count of first
preference votes being taken to be the earliest elected; and
(ii)
if two or more candidates are elected as a result of the
same count or transfer, the order in which they will be taken to have been
elected will be in accordance with the relative numbers of their votes, the
candidate with the largest number of votes being taken to be the earliest
elected but, if any two or more of those candidates each have the same number
of votes, the order in which they will be taken to have been elected will be
taken to be in accordance with the relative numbers of their votes at the last
count or transfer before their election at which each of them had a different
number of votes, the candidate with the largest number of votes at that count
or transfer being taken to be the earliest elected and, if there has been no
such count or transfer, the returning officer must, in the presence of any
scrutineers who may be present, draw lots to determine the order in which they
will be taken to have been elected;
(n)
subject to paragraphs (o) and (p), if, after any count or transfer under
this subsection, two or more candidates have surplus votes, the order of any
transfers of the surplus votes of those candidates will be in accordance with
the relative sizes of the surpluses, the largest surplus being transferred
first;
(o)
subject to paragraph (p), if, after any count or transfer under this
subsection, two or more candidates have equal surpluses, the order of any
transfers of the surplus votes of those candidates will be in accordance with
the relative numbers of votes of those candidates at the last count or
transfer at which each of those candidates had a different number of votes,
the surplus of the candidate with the largest number of votes at that count or
transfer being transferred first but, if there has been no such count or
transfer, the returning officer must, in the presence of any scrutineers who
may be present, draw lots to determine the order in which the surpluses will
be dealt with;
(p) if,
after any count or transfer under this subsection, a candidate obtains
surplus votes, those surplus votes will not be transferred before the transfer
of any surplus votes obtained by any other candidate on an earlier count or
transfer;
(q) if
the candidate who has the fewest votes is required to be excluded and two or
more candidates each have the fewest votes, whichever of those candidates had
the fewest votes at the last count or transfer at which each of those
candidates had a different number of votes will be excluded but, if there has
been no such count or transfer, the returning officer must, in the presence of
any scrutineers who may be present, draw lots to determine which candidate
will be excluded;
(r) if a
candidate is elected by reason that the number of first preference votes
received, or the aggregate of first preference votes received and all other
votes obtained on transfers under this subsection, is equal to the quota, all
the ballot papers expressing those votes must be set aside as finally dealt
with;
(s) a
ballot paper must be set aside as exhausted where on a transfer it is found
that the paper expresses no preference for any continuing candidate;
(t) for
the purposes of this subsection, a transfer under paragraph (c), (d) or
(h) of the surplus votes of any elected candidate, a transfer in accordance
with paragraph (g)(i) of all first preference votes of an excluded
candidate or a transfer in accordance with paragraph (g)(ii) of all the
votes of an excluded candidate that were transferred from a particular
candidate will each be regarded as constituting a separate transfer.
(1a) The returning
officer must, with the assistance of any other electoral officers who may be
present, and in the presence of any scrutineers who may be present, conduct
the counting of the votes in an election to fill 1 vacancy according to
the following method:
(a)
carry out the step in the method of counting votes referred to in
subsection (1)(a);
(b) if,
after the counting of first preference votes no candidate has received a
number of votes equal to or greater than the quota, the candidate who has
received the fewest first preference votes must be excluded, and each ballot
paper counted to that candidate that expresses the next available preference
for a continuing candidate is to be transferred (at a transfer value
of 1) to the continuing candidate;
(c) if,
on the completion of a transfer under paragraph (b), no
continuing candidate has received a number of votes equal to or greater than
the quota, the process of excluding the candidate who has the fewest votes and
transferring each ballot paper counted to that candidate that expresses the
next available preference for a continuing candidate in accordance with
paragraph (b) is to be repeated until—
(i)
1 continuing candidate has received a number of
votes equal to or greater than the quota; or
(ii)
2 candidates remain, in which case the returning officer
must make a provisional declaration that the continuing candidate who has the
larger number of votes has been elected notwithstanding that that number is
below the quota and, if those candidates have the same number of votes, the
candidate with the larger number of votes at the last preceding count or
transfer will be taken to be elected and, if the number of votes at that count
or transfer was equal, the returning officer must, in the presence of any
scrutineers who may be present, draw lots to determine which of the candidates
is to be elected;
(d) if
the candidate who has the fewest votes is required to be excluded and
2 or more candidates each have the fewest votes, whichever of those
candidates had the fewest votes at the last count or transfer at which each of
those candidates had a different number of votes will be excluded but, if
there has been no such count or transfer, the returning officer must, in the
presence of any scrutineers who may be present, draw lots to determine which
candidate will be excluded;
(e) a
ballot paper must be set aside as exhausted where on a transfer it is found
that the paper expresses no preference for any continuing candidate.
(2) In
subsections (1) and (1a)—
"continuing candidate" means a candidate not already elected or excluded from
the count;
"election" of a candidate means the making by the returning officer of a
provisional declaration that the candidate has been elected; and
"elected" has a corresponding meaning;
"surplus votes" of an elected candidate means the excess (if any) over the
quota of the elected candidate's votes.
(3) In
subsections (1) and (1a), a reference to votes of or obtained or
received by a candidate includes votes obtained or received by the candidate
on any transfer under that subsection.
(4) If a candidate has
died or become ineligible to be a candidate for election as a member of a
council in accordance with section 17 between the close of nominations
and close of voting, then (subject to the operation of Part 2) a vote
indicated on a ballot paper opposite the name of the deceased or ineligible
candidate must be counted to the candidate next in the order of the voter's
preference, and the numbers indicating subsequent preferences will be taken to
have been altered accordingly.