Victorian Current Acts

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DEFAMATION ACT 2005 - SECT 4

Definitions

In this Act—

S. 4 def. of access prevention step inserted by No. 31/2024 s. 14.

access prevention step , in relation to the publication of digital matter, means a step—

        (a)     to remove the matter; or

        (b)     to block, disable or otherwise prevent access, whether by some or all persons, to the matter;

S. 4 def. of applicable period inserted by No. 35/2020 s. 18.

applicable period for an offer to make amends is defined by section 14;

S. 4 def. of associated entity inserted by No. 35/2020 s. 18.

"associated entity" has the same meaning as in section 50AAA of the Corporations Act;

"Australian court "means any court established by or under a law of an Australian jurisdiction (including a court conducting committal proceedings for an indictable offence);

"Australian jurisdiction" means—

        (a)     a State; or

        (b)     a Territory; or

        (c)     the Commonwealth;

S. 4 def. of Australian tribunal amended by No. 67/2014 s. 147(Sch.  2 item 13.1(b)).

"Australian tribunal "means any tribunal (other than a court) established by or under a law of an Australian jurisdiction that has the power to take evidence from witnesses before it on oath or affirmation (including a Royal Commission, Board of Inquiry or other special commission of inquiry);

S. 4 def. of Board of Inquiry inserted by No. 67/2014 s. 147(Sch.  2 item 13.1(a)).

"Board of Inquiry" has the same meaning as in the Inquiries Act 2014 ;

S. 4 def. of concerns notice inserted by No. 35/2020 s. 18.

concerns notice is defined by section 12A;

"country" includes—

        (a)     a federation and a state, territory, province or other part of a Federation; and

        (b)     an Australian jurisdiction;

S. 4 def. of digital intermediary inserted by No. 31/2024 s. 14.

digital intermediary , in relation to the publication of digital matter, means a person, other than an author, originator or poster of the matter, who provides or administers the online service by means of which the matter is published;

Note

There may be more than one digital intermediary in relation to the publication of the same digital matter.

S. 4 def. of digital matter inserted by No. 31/2024 s. 14.

digital matter means matter published in electronic form by means of an online service;

"document "means any record of information, and includes—

        (a)     anything on which there is writing; and

        (b)     anything on which there are marks, figures, symbols or perforations having a meaning for persons qualified to interpret them; and

        (c)     anything from which sounds, images or writings can be reproduced with or without the aid of anything else; and

        (d)     a map, plan, drawing or photograph;

"electronic communication "includes a communication of information in the form of data, text, images or sound (or any combination of these) by means of guided or unguided electromagnetic energy, or both;

S. 4 def. of excluded corporation inserted by No. 35/2020 s. 18.

"excluded corporation" means an excluded corporation referred to in section 9;

S. 4 def. of further particulars notice inserted by No. 35/2020 s. 18.

"further particulars notice" means a further particulars notice referred to in section 12A(3);

"general law "means the common law and equity;

"matter "includes—

        (a)     an article, report, advertisement or other thing communicated by means of a newspaper, magazine or other periodical; and

        (b)     a program, report, advertisement or other thing communicated by means of television, radio, the Internet or any other form of electronic communication; and

        (c)     a letter, note or other writing; and

        (d)     a picture, gesture or oral utterance; and

        (e)     any other thing by means of which something may be communicated to a person;

"offer to make amends "means an offer to make amends under Division 1 of Part 3;

S. 4 def. of online service inserted by No. 31/2024 s. 14.

online service means a service provided to a person, whether or not it is requested or it is for a fee or reward, to enable the person to use the Internet, including, without limitation, a service enabling a person—

        (a)     to access or connect to the Internet; or

        (b)     to use the Internet to do one or more of the following—

              (i)     send or receive content;

              (ii)     store content;

              (iii)     index content;

              (iv)     search for content;

              (v)     share content;

              (vi)     interact with other persons;

Examples

1         An internet‑based social media platform.

2         A forum created or administered by a person using a facility provided by an internet‑based social media platform that enables users to share content or interact with other users about a topic.

3         A website or other internet‑based platform that enables knowledge to be shared by or with its users.

"parliamentary body" means—

        (a)     a parliament or legislature of any country; or

        (b)     a house of a parliament or legislature of any country; or

        (c)     a committee of a parliament or legislature of any country; or

        (d)     a committee of a house or houses of a parliament or legislature of any country;

S. 4 def. of poster inserted by No. 31/2024 s. 14.

"poster" , in relation to the publication of digital matter, means a person who uses the online service by means of which the matter is published for the purpose of communicating the matter to one or more other persons;

S. 4 def. of Royal Commission inserted by No. 67/2014 s. 147(Sch.  2 item 13.1(a)).

"Royal Commission" means—

        (a)     a Royal Commission established under the Inquiries Act 2014 ; or

        (b)     a Royal Commission established under the prerogative of the Crown;

"substantially true "means true in substance or not materially different from the truth;

"Territory "means the Australian Capital Territory or the Northern Territory;

"this jurisdiction "means Victoria.



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