(1) In a trial by a
judge alone —
(a) the
judge may make any findings and give any verdict that a jury could have made
or given if the trial had been before a jury; and
(b) any
finding or verdict of the judge has, for all purposes, the same effect as a
finding or verdict of a jury.
(2) The judgment of
the judge in a trial by a judge alone must include the principles of law that
he or she has applied and the findings of fact on which he or she has relied.
(3) The validity of a
trial judge’s judgment is not affected by a failure to comply with
subsection (2).