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Lamont v Postmaster General    

Cases Referring to this Case

Case Name	Citation(s)	Court	Jurisdiction	Date †	Full Text		Citation Index
Justice Ksputtaswamy(Retd) v Union of India	[2017] INSC 689	Supreme Court of India	India	24 Aug 2017	LIIofIndia
Monis v R; Droudis v R	[2012] HCATrans 241	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	4 Oct 2012	AustLII
Upsc v RK Jain - WP (C) 1243/2011	[2012] INDLHC 4237	High Court of Delhi	India	13 Jul 2012	LIIofIndia
Mdshahabuddin v Bihar	[2010] INSC 220	Supreme Court of India	India	25 Mar 2010	LIIofIndia
Submission to the Justice and Electoral Committee	[2007] NZHRCSub 3		New Zealand	7 Sep 2007	NZLII
National Coalition of Prayer Inc v Carter	455 F3d 783	United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit	United States	28 Jul 2006	WorldLII
Willis v Town of Marshall North Carolina	426 F3d 251	United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit	United States	7 Oct 2005	WorldLII
King v Federal Bureau of Prisons	415 F3d 634	United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit	United States	13 Jul 2005	WorldLII
Currier v E Potter E	379 F3d 716	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	12 Aug 2004	WorldLII
Clement v California Department of Corrections	364 F3d 1148	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	20 Apr 2004	WorldLII
American Civil Liberties Union v Ashcroft	322 F3d 240	United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit	United States	6 Mar 2003	WorldLII
Conant Hiv/aids v P Walters US Dea	309 F3d 629	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	29 Oct 2002	WorldLII
White v Lee	227 F3d 1214	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	27 Sep 2000	WorldLII
Sunila Abeysekera v Ariya Rubasinghe, Competent Authority - SLR - 314, Vol 1 of 2000	[2000] LKSC 31; (2000) 1 Sri LR 314	Sri Lankan Supreme Court	Sri Lanka	15 May 2000	AsianLII
Denver Area Ed Telecommunications Consortium, Inc v FCC	518 US 727; 135 L Ed 2d 888; 116 SCt 2374	United States Supreme Court	United States	28 Jun 1996	WorldLII
Fernando v Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation	[1996] ICHRL 39	Interights Commonwealth Human Rights Law	International	30 May 1996	WorldLII
Case v Minister of Safety and Security; Curtis v Minister of Safety and Security	[1996] ZACC 7; 1996 3 SA 617	Constitutional Court of South Africa	South Africa	9 May 1996	SAFLII
Yniguez	69 F3d 920; 64 USLW 2219; 66 Empl Prac Dec P 43,726	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	5 Oct 1995	WorldLII
Bieregu v Reno	59 F3d 1445	United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit	United States	11 Sep 1995	WorldLII
Alliance for Community Media v FCC	56 F3d 105; 63 USLW 2781; 312 USApp DC 141	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	6 Jun 1995	WorldLII
Yniguez	42 F3d 1217; 63 USLW 2381; 65 Empl Prac Dec P 43,348	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	17 Jan 1995	WorldLII
Kreimer v Bureau of Police for Town of Morristown	958 F2d 1242; 60 USLW 2607	United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit	United States	21 Apr 1992	WorldLII
Penthouse International Ltd v A Meese III	939 F2d 1011; 60 USLW 2100; 291 USApp DC 183	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	24 Sep 1991	WorldLII
Walsh v F Brady	927 F2d 1229; 288 USApp DC 374	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	15 Mar 1991	WorldLII
Osborne v Ohio	495 US 103; 109 L Ed 2d 98; 110 SCt 1691	United States Supreme Court	United States	4 Jun 1990	WorldLII
Fabulous Associates Inc v Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission S Sapphire Communications of Pennsylvania Inc	896 F2d 780	United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit	United States	16 Feb 1990	WorldLII
Dkt Memorial Fund Ltd v Agency for International Development Dkt Memorial Fund Ltd	887 F2d 275; 58 USLW 2237; 281 USApp DC 47	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	10 Oct 1989	WorldLII
Bullfrog Films Inc v Z Wick	847 F2d 502; 56 USLW 2670	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	17 May 1988	WorldLII
Fox v Board of Trustees of State University of New York R M D	841 F2d 1207; 45 Ed Law Rep 990; 56 USLW 2550	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	11 Mar 1988	WorldLII
American Postal Workers Union v United States Postal Service	830 F2d 294; 56 USLW 2216; 265 USApp DC 146	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	2 Oct 1987	WorldLII
Meese v Keene	481 US 465; 95 L Ed 2d 415; 107 SCt 1862	United States Supreme Court	United States	28 Apr 1987	WorldLII
Capital Cities Media Inc v Chester W R	797 F2d 1164; 55 USLW 2073	United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit	United States	21 Jul 1986	WorldLII
City of Watseka v Illinois Public Action Council	796 F2d 1547; 55 USLW 2083	United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit	United States	18 Jul 1986	WorldLII
Block v Meese III	793 F2d 1303; 13 Media LRep 1209; 55 USLW 2015; 253 USApp DC 317	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	18 Jun 1986	WorldLII
Thornburgh v American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists	476 US 747; 90 L Ed 2d 779; 106 SCt 2169	United States Supreme Court	United States	11 Jun 1986	WorldLII
Authors League of America Inc v Oman a III	790 F2d 220; 229 USPQ 724; 54 USLW 2603; 7 ITRD 2313	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	6 May 1986	WorldLII
Olagues v Russoniello	770 F2d 791	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	3 Sep 1985	WorldLII
Ozonoff v P Berzak	744 F2d 224; 53 USLW 2183	United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit	United States	21 Sep 1984	WorldLII
Bolger v Youngs Drug Products Corporation	463 US 60; 77 L Ed 2d 469; 103 SCt 2875	United States Supreme Court	United States	24 Jun 1983	WorldLII
Re the Express-News Corporation and Cecil Clifts	695 F2d 807; 9 Media LRep 1001; 12 Fed REvid Serv 562	United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit	United States	30 Dec 1982	WorldLII
Tacynec v City of Philadelphia	687 F2d 793	United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit	United States	2 Sep 1982	WorldLII
Board of Education v Pico	457 US 853; 73 L Ed 2d 435; 102 SCt 2799; 4 Ed Law Rep 1013	United States Supreme Court	United States	25 Jun 1982	WorldLII
Teague III v C Alexander	662 F2d 79; 213 USApp DC 234	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	24 Aug 1981	WorldLII
United States Postal Service v Council of Greenburgh Civic Associations	453 US 114; 69 L Ed 2d 517; 101 SCt 2676	United States Supreme Court	United States	25 Jun 1981	WorldLII
New Jersey-Philadelphia Presbytery of the Bible Presbyterian Church v New Jersey State Board of Higher Education	654 F2d 868	United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit	United States	6 May 1981	WorldLII
Trotman v Board of Trustees of Lincoln University	635 F2d 216	United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit	United States	25 Nov 1980	WorldLII
Crowley v Smithsonian Institution	636 F2d 738; 205 USApp DC 30	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	30 Oct 1980	WorldLII
Richmond Newspapers, Inc v Virginia	448 US 555; 65 L Ed 2d 973; 100 SCt 2814	United States Supreme Court	United States	2 Jul 1980	WorldLII
Consolidated Edison Co v Public Service Comm'n	447 US 530; 65 L Ed 2d 319; 100 SCt 2326	United States Supreme Court	United States	20 Jun 1980	WorldLII
Aiello v City of Wilmington	623 F2d 845	United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit	United States	7 May 1980	WorldLII
Brown v Glines	444 US 348; 62 L Ed 2d 540; 100 SCt 594	United States Supreme Court	United States	21 Jan 1980	WorldLII
United States v Various Articles of Obscene Merchandise Schedule No	600 F2d 394	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	25 May 1979	WorldLII
Reporters Committee for Freedom of Press v American Telephone & Telegraph Co	593 F2d 1030; 4 Media LRep 1177; 192 USApp DC 376	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	5 Mar 1979	WorldLII
Frissell v L Rizzo L	597 F2d 840; 4 Media LRep 2249	United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit	United States	20 Feb 1979	WorldLII
Community-Service Broadcasting of Mid-America, Inc v FCC	593 F2d 1102; 3 Media LRep 1063; 192 USApp DC 448	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	29 Sep 1978	WorldLII
Braniff International Inc v Florida Public Service Commission	576 F2d 1100	United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit	United States	20 Jul 1978	WorldLII
Houchins v KQED, Inc	438 US 1; 57 L Ed 2d 553; 98 SCt 2588	United States Supreme Court	United States	26 Jun 1978	WorldLII
United States v Choate	576 F2d 165; 57 ALRFed 678	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	6 Jun 1978	WorldLII
Davis v Village Park II Realty Co	578 F2d 461	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	21 Apr 1978	WorldLII
American Jewish Congress v Vance	575 F2d 939; 188 USApp DC 58	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	21 Apr 1978	WorldLII
Herbert v Lando Cbs	568 F2d 974; 3 Media LRep 1241	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	20 Mar 1978	WorldLII
White v Mathews	559 F2d 852; 47 ALRFed 915	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	18 Jul 1977	WorldLII
Nixon v Administrator of General Services	433 US 425; 53 L Ed 2d 867; 97 SCt 2777; 63 L Ed 2d 867	United States Supreme Court	United States	28 Jun 1977	WorldLII
Minarcini v Strongsville City School District	541 F2d 577	United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit	United States	30 Aug 1976	WorldLII
Carpenter v South Dakota	536 F2d 759	United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit	United States	3 Jun 1976	WorldLII
Taylor v Sterrett	532 F2d 462	United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit	United States	1 Jun 1976	WorldLII
Virginia State Board of Pharmacy v Virginia Citizens Consumer Council, Inc	425 US 748; 44 USLW 4686; 48 L Ed 2d 346; 96 SCt 1817	United States Supreme Court	United States	24 May 1976	WorldLII
Aikens v Jenkins	534 F2d 751	United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit	United States	14 Apr 1976	WorldLII
Tygrett v E Washington	543 F2d 840; 177 USApp DC 355	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	8 Apr 1976	WorldLII
Greer v Spock	424 US 828; 47 L Ed 2d 505; 96 SCt 1211	United States Supreme Court	United States	24 Mar 1976	WorldLII
Buckley v Valeo	424 US 1; 46 L Ed 659; 46 L Ed 2d 659; 96 SCt 612; [1976] Brock 860; 44 USLW 4127	United States Supreme Court	United States	27 Feb 1976	WorldLII
Buckley v Valeo	519 F2d 821; 171 USApp DC 172	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	29 Aug 1975	WorldLII
Colonial Times, Inc v Gasch	509 F2d 517; 166 USApp DC 184	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	3 Jan 1975	WorldLII
Saxbe v Washington Post Co	417 US 843; 41 L Ed 2d 514; 94 SCt 2811	United States Supreme Court	United States	24 Jun 1974	WorldLII
Procunier v Martinez	416 US 396; 40 L Ed 2d 224; 94 SCt 1800; 42 USLW 4606	United States Supreme Court	United States	29 Apr 1974	WorldLII
California Bankers Ass'n v Shultz	416 US 21; 94 SCt 1494; 39 L Ed 2d 812	United States Supreme Court	United States	1 Apr 1974	WorldLII
Yale Broadcasting Co v Federal Communications Commission	414 US 914; 38 L Ed 2d 152; 94 SCt 211	United States Supreme Court	United States	15 Oct 1973	WorldLII
Paris Adult Theatre I v Slaton	413 US 49; 37 L Ed 2d 446; 93 SCt 2628; 37 L Ed 446	United States Supreme Court	United States	9 Oct 1973	WorldLII
Tollett v United States	485 F2d 1087	United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit	United States	2 Oct 1973	WorldLII
Columbia Broadcasting System, Inc v Democratic National Committee	412 US 94; 36 L Ed 2d 772; 93 SCt 2080; 304 USApp DC 132	United States Supreme Court	United States - District of Columbia	29 May 1973	WorldLII
Petersen v Talisman Sugar Corporation	478 F2d 73; 72 Lab Cas 13,960	United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit	United States	3 May 1973	WorldLII
San Antonio Independent School District v Rodriguez	411 US 1; 36 L Ed 2d 16; 93 SCt 1278; (1973) 41 USLW 4407	United States Supreme Court	United States	23 Apr 1973	WorldLII
Bennett Coleman & Co v Union of India	[1972] INSC 266; (1972) 2 SCC 788; [1973] 2 SCR 757; AIR 1973 SC 106	Supreme Court of India	India	30 Oct 1972	LIIofIndia
United States Postal Service v Beamish	466 F2d 804	United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit	United States	1 Sep 1972	WorldLII
Kleindienst v Mandel	408 US 753; 33 L Ed 2d 683; 92 SCt 2576	United States Supreme Court	United States	29 Jun 1972	WorldLII
Gravel v United States	408 US 606; 33 L Ed 2d 583; 92 SCt 2614	United States Supreme Court	United States	29 Jun 1972	WorldLII
Branzburg v Hayes	408 US 665; 33 L Ed 2; 33 L Ed 2d 626; 92 SCt 2646	United States Supreme Court	United States	29 Jun 1972	WorldLII
Laird v Tatum	408 US 1; 33 L Ed 2d 154; 92 SCt 2318; 40 USLW 4850	United States Supreme Court	United States	26 Jun 1972	WorldLII
Vietnam v Regional Commissioner of Customs	459 F2d 676	United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit	United States	4 May 1972	WorldLII
Honolulu Rapid Transit Co v M Dolim	459 F2d 551	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	11 Apr 1972	WorldLII
McCabe v Nassau County Medical Center	453 F2d 698	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	23 Dec 1971	WorldLII
Business Executives Move for Vietnam Peace v FCC	450 F2d 642; 146 USApp DC 181	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	4 Oct 1971	WorldLII
Tatum v R Laird	444 F2d 947	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States	20 Jan 1971	WorldLII
Blount v Rizzi	400 US 410; 27 L Ed 2d 498; 91 SCt 423	United States Supreme Court	United States	14 Jan 1971	WorldLII
United States v H Dellapia	[1970] USCA2 744	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	20 Oct 1970	WorldLII
Anacleto D Badoy, JR v Jaime N Ferrer, Chairman, Cesar Miraflor, and Lino M Patajo, Members, Commission on Elections	[1970] PHSC 268	Supreme Court of the Philippines	Philippines	17 Oct 1970	AsianLII
United States v H Dellapia	433 F2d 1252	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	14 Sep 1970	WorldLII
Rowan v Post Office Dept	397 US 728; 25 L Ed 2d 736; 90 SCt 1484	United States Supreme Court	United States	4 May 1970	WorldLII
United States v Van Leeuwen	397 US 249; 25 L Ed 2d 282; 90 SCt 1029	United States Supreme Court	United States	23 Mar 1970	WorldLII
New York State Broadcasters Ass'n v United States	414 F2d 990	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	11 Aug 1969	WorldLII
New York State Broadcasters Association v United States	[1969] USCA2 427	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	24 Jun 1969	WorldLII
Negre v	394 US 968; 22 L Ed 2d 750; 89 SCt 1450	United States Supreme Court	United States	21 Apr 1969	WorldLII
Stanley v Georgia	88 US 325; 21 Wall 325; 22 L Ed 2d 542; 89 SCt 1243; 22 L Ed 542	United States Supreme Court	United States	7 Apr 1969	WorldLII
Radio Television News Directors Association v United States	[1969] USCA7 13	United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit	United States	13 Jan 1969	WorldLII
Teague III v Regional Commissioner of Customs Region II	[1968] USCA2 542	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	4 Oct 1968	WorldLII
Radio Television News Directors Association v United States	400 F2d 1002	United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit	United States	10 Sep 1968	WorldLII
Teague III v Regional Commissioner of Customs Region II	404 F2d 441	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	21 Apr 1968	WorldLII
Patton v North Carolina	[1967] USCA4 396	United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit	United States	14 Jun 1967	WorldLII
Cohen v United States	[1967] USCA9 241	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	5 May 1967	WorldLII
Patton v North Carolina	381 F2d 636	United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit	United States	6 Feb 1967	WorldLII
Garrity v New Jersey	385 US 493; 17 L Ed 2d 562; 87 SCt 616	United States Supreme Court	United States	16 Jan 1967	WorldLII
United States v J Miller	367 F2d 72	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	13 Oct 1966	WorldLII
United States v J Miller	[1966] USCA2 410	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	22 Jun 1966	WorldLII
United States v Klaw	[1965] USCA2 486	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	15 Jul 1965	WorldLII

Law Journal Articles Referring to this Case

Journal Article Title	Citation(s)	Author	Jurisdiction	Date †	Full Text		Citation Index
"Painting with a broad brush - The consistency of the majority approach in Holder with freedom of speech"	(2014) 3 New Zealand Law Students Journal 274	Fernando, Inura	New Zealand	circa 2014	NZLII
Epic Alert 3 13	[1996] EPICAlert 13	EPIC Alert	Australia	circa 1996	AustLII

Cases and Articles Cited

Case Name	Citation(s)	Court	Jurisdiction	Date †	Full Text		Citation Index
Harman v Forssenius	380 US 528; 14 L Ed 2d 50; 85 SCt 1177	United States Supreme Court	United States	27 Apr 1965	WorldLII
Dombrowski v Pfister	380 US 479; 85 SCt 1116; 14 L Ed 2d 22	United States Supreme Court	United States	26 Apr 1965	WorldLII
Freedman v Maryland	380 US 51; 13 L Ed 649; 13 L Ed 2d 649; 85 SCt 734; 305 FSupp 634	United States Supreme Court	United States	1 Mar 1965	WorldLII
Garrison v Louisiana	379 US 64; 13 L Ed 2d 125; 85 SCt 209	United States Supreme Court	United States	23 Nov 1964	WorldLII
Aptheker v Secretary of State	378 US 500; 12 L Ed 2d 992; 84 SCt 1659	United States Supreme Court	United States	22 Jun 1964	WorldLII
New York Times Co v Sullivan	376 US 254; 95 ALR 2d 1412; 11 L Ed 686; 11 L Ed 2d 686; 84 SCt 710	United States Supreme Court	United States	9 Mar 1964	WorldLII
Naacp v Button	371 US 415; 9 L Ed 405; 9 L Ed 2d 405; 83 SCt 328	United States Supreme Court	United States	14 Jan 1963	WorldLII
Speiser v Randall	357 US 513; 78 SCt 1332; 2 L Ed 2d 1460	United States Supreme Court	United States	30 Jun 1958	WorldLII
NAACP v Alabama	357 US 449; 2 L Ed 1488; 2 L Ed 2d 1488; 78 SCt 1163; 457 Moore 148; 78 SCt 11633	United States Supreme Court	United States	30 Jun 1958	WorldLII
Kent v Dulles	357 US 116; 2 L Ed 2; 2 L Ed 2d 1204; 78 SCt 1113	United States Supreme Court	United States	16 Jun 1958	WorldLII
Butler v Michigan	352 US 380; 1 L Ed 2d 412; 77 SCt 524	United States Supreme Court	United States	25 Feb 1957	WorldLII
Bolling v Sharpe	347 US 497; 98 L Ed 884; 74 SCt 693	United States Supreme Court	United States	17 May 1954	WorldLII
Johnson v Eisentrager	339 US 763; 94 L Ed 1255; 70 SCt 936; 94 L Ed 2d 1255	United States Supreme Court	United States	5 Jun 1950	WorldLII
Hannegan v Esquire, Inc	327 US 146; 90 L Ed 586; 66 SCt 456	United States Supreme Court	United States	4 Feb 1946	WorldLII
Thomas v Collins	323 US 516; 65 SCt 315; 89 L Ed 430; 89 L Ed 2d 430; 89 L Ed 436	United States Supreme Court	United States	29 Jan 1945	WorldLII
Murdock v Pennsylvania	319 US 105; 87 L Ed 1292; 63 SCt 870; 87 L Ed 2d 1292	United States Supreme Court	United States	3 May 1943	WorldLII
Martin v City of Struthers	319 US 141; 87 L Ed 2d 1313; 87 L Ed 1313; 63 SCt 862	United States Supreme Court	United States	3 May 1943	WorldLII
Lovell v Griffin	303 US 444; 82 L Ed 949; 58 SCt 666; 82 L Ed 2d 949	United States Supreme Court	United States	28 Mar 1938	WorldLII
United States ex rel Milwaukee Social Democratic Pub Co v Burleson	255 US 407; 65 L Ed 704; 41 SCt 352	United States Supreme Court	United States	7 Mar 1921	WorldLII
Boyd v United States	116 US 634; 116 US 616; 29 L Ed 2d 746; 29 L Ed 746; 6 SCt 524	United States Supreme Court	United States	1 Feb 1886	WorldLII
379 US 997; 85 SCt 722; 13 l Ed 2d 700	379 US 997; 85 SCt 722; 13 L Ed 2d 700	United States Supreme Court	United States	circa 1921	Westlaw
379 US 926; 85 SCt 327; 13 l Ed 2d 340	379 US 926; 85 SCt 327; 13 L Ed 2d 340	United States Supreme Court	United States	circa 1921	Westlaw
236 FSupp 405	236 FSupp 405		United States	circa 1921	Westlaw
Lamont v Postmaster General of the United States	229 FSupp 913		United States	circa 1921	Westlaw
121 f2d 37	121 F2d 37		United States	circa 1921	Westlaw
Pike v Walker	73 App DC 289		United States - District of Columbia	circa 1921
11 University of California at Los Angeles Law Review 805				circa 1921