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- Defences in Criminal Law (95-2009) (Report)   flag 

[2009] IELRC 95
Irish Law Reform Commission
Republic of Ireland

Legislation Cited

Legislation Name Provision
Constitution
Criminal Law Consolidation Act 1935 (SA) s15
Law Reform Commission Act 1975 (Tas)
Crimes Act 1958 (Vic)
Crimes Homicide Act 2005 (Vic) s3
Criminal Damage Act 1991 s6
Act 1981 s2
Criminal Law (Rape) (Amendment) Act 1990 s4, s6
Criminal Law Amendment Act s16
Non-Fatal Offences Against the Person Act 1997 s7, s18, s19, s20, s22

Cases and Articles Cited

Case Name Citation(s) Court Jurisdiction Date †  Full Text Citation Index
People (DPP) v Barnes [2006] IECCA 165; [2007] 3 IR 130; [2007] 1 ILRM 350 Irish Court of Criminal Appeal Republic of Ireland 21 Dec 2006 BAILII flag 19
Irl The People (DPP) v Nally [2006] IECCA 128; [2007] 4 IR 145 Irish Court of Criminal Appeal Republic of Ireland 12 Oct 2006 BAILII flag 7
"Provocation and Culture" [2006] Criminal Law Review 871 Criminal Law Review United Kingdom circa 2006 Westlaw flag 1
R v James; R v Karimi [2006] EWCA Crim 14; [2006] QB 588; [2006] 1 All ER 759; [2006] 2 WLR 887; [2006] All ER (D) 170 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division United Kingdom - England and Wales circa 2006 BAILII flag 12
"Defense of Provocation: An Acrimonious Divorce from Reality, The" (2006) 18 Current Issues in Criminal Justice 51 Current Issues in Criminal Justice Australia circa 2006 AustLII flag 5
"Provocative Reform: A Comparative Critique" (2006) 30 Criminal Law Journal 138 Criminal Law Journal Australia circa 2006 Legal Online flag 4
Nachova v Bulgaria [2005] ECHR 465; (2005) 19 BHRC 1; (2006) 42 EHRR 43 European Court of Human Rights Europe 6 Jul 2005 BAILII flag 34
Attorney General for Jersey v Holley [2005] UKPC 23; [2005] 2 AC 580; [2005] 3 All ER 371; [2005] 3 WLR 29 Privy Council United Kingdom 15 Jun 2005 BAILII flag 38
[2005] 4 American Law and Economics Review 685 [2005] 4 American Law and Economics Review 685 American Law and Economics Review United States circa 2005 flag 1
R v Z [2005] UKHL 22; [2005] 2 AC 467; [2005] 4 All ER 685; [2005] 2 WLR 709; [2005] All ER (D) 299; [2005] 2 Cr App R 314 House of Lords United Kingdom circa 2005 BAILII flag 61
"Emotions and the Veil of Voluntarism: The Loss of Judgement in Canadian Criminal Defences" [2005-06] McGill Law Journal 51 McGill Law Journal Canada circa 2005 HeinOnline / LexisNexis flag 1
R v Quayle; R v Wales; R v Taylor; R v Kenny; Attorney General's Reference (No 2 of 2004) [2005] EWCA Crim 1415; [2006] 1 All ER 988; [2005] 2 Cr App R 527 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division United Kingdom - England and Wales circa 2005 BAILII flag 7
R v Hasan [2005] All ER 685 United Kingdom circa 2005 LexisNexis flag 1
Irl The People (DPP) v Reilly [2004] IECCA 9; [2005] 3 IR 111 Irish Court of Criminal Appeal Republic of Ireland 21 May 2004 BAILII flag 5
R v Weller [2003] EWCA Crim 815; [2003] Crim LR 724; [2003] All ER (D) 383; [2004] 1 Cr App R 1 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 26 Mar 2003 BAILII flag 4
R v Martin [2003] QB 1 United Kingdom circa 2003 LexisNexis / Westlaw flag 7
"The Mark of Responsibility" (2003) 23 Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 157 Oxford Journal of Legal Studies United Kingdom circa 2003 HeinOnline / LexisNexis flag 1
"Provocation: The Ongoing Subservience of Principle to Tradition" (2003) 67 Criminal Law Journal 237 Criminal Law Journal Australia circa 2003 Legal Online flag 1
"Provocation: the ongoing subservience of principle to tradition" (2003) 67 Journal of Criminal Law 237 Journal of Criminal Law United Kingdom circa 2003 HeinOnline flag 2
R (McCann) v Crown Court at Manchester; Clingham v Kensington [2002] UKHL 39; [2003] 1 AC 787; [2002] 4 All ER 593; [2002] 3 WLR 1313; [2002] All ER (D) 246; [2002] UKHRR 1286; (2002) 166 JPN 850; [2003] 1 Cr App R 27; 13 BHRC 482; (2002) 166 JP 657 House of Lords United Kingdom 17 Oct 2002 BAILII flag 208
"Challenging Moral Involuntariness as a Principle of Fundamental Justice" [2002-03] Queens Law Journal 28 Queen's Law Journal Canada circa 2002 HeinOnline / LexisNexis flag 1
[2002] Crim LR 347 [2002] Crim LR 347 United Kingdom circa 2002 Westlaw flag 2
"Why Keep the Provocation Defense?: Some Reflections on a Difficult Subject" (2002) 86 Minnesota Law Review 959 Minnesota Law Review United States circa 2002 HeinOnline / LexisNexis flag 2
Shaw (Norman) v R [2001] 1 WLR 1519; [2002] 1 Cr App R 77; [2002] Crim LR 140 United Kingdom circa 2002 BAILII flag 30
People (DPP) v Davis [2001] 1 IR 146 circa 2001 30
DPP v McDonagh [2001] 3 IR 201 circa 2001 7
"Expanding the Defences to Murder: A more fair and logical approach" (2001) 5 Flinders Journal of Law Reform 129 Flinders Journal of Law Reform Australia circa 2001 AustLII flag 5
R v Ruzic [2001] SCC 24; [2001] 1 SCR 687 circa 2001 15
R v Charlebois [2000] 2 SCR 674; [2000] SCC 53 Supreme Court of Canada Canada 10 Nov 2000 Supreme Court of Canada flag 2
R v PRFN [2000] NSWCCA 230 Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal Australia - New South Wales 21 Jun 2000 AustLII flag 6
B (a minor) v DPP [2000] UKHL 13; [2000] 2 AC 428; [2000] 1 All ER 833; [2000] 2 WLR 452; [2000] Crim LR 403; [2000] 2 Cr App R 65 House of Lords United Kingdom 23 Feb 2000 BAILII flag 102
A (Children) (Conjoined Twins: Surgical Separation), Re (conjoined twins/siamese twins case) [2000] EWCA Civ 254; [2001] Fam 147; [2000] 4 All ER 961; (2000) 57 BMLR 1; [2001] Fam Law 18; [2000] Lloyds Rep Med 425; [2001] UKHRR 1; [2001] 2 WLR 480; [2000] HRLR 721; (2000) 9 BHRC 261 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division United Kingdom - England and Wales circa 2000 BAILII flag 71
R v Smith [2000] UKHL 49; [2001] 1 AC 146; [2000] 4 All ER 289; [2000] 3 WLR 654; [2001] 1 Cr App R 5; [2000] Crim LR 1004 House of Lords United Kingdom circa 2000 BAILII flag 72
People (DPP) v Kelly [2000] 2 IR 1 circa 2000 21
R v Lloyd (1999) 2 Cr App R 355 United Kingdom circa 1999 LexisNexis flag 10
Smith Duress and Steadfastness: In Pursuit of the Unintelligible [1999] Crim LR 363 United Kingdom circa 1999 Westlaw flag 2
R v Abdul-Hussain [1998] EWCA Crim 3528; [1999] Crim LR 570 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 17 Dec 1998 BAILII flag 23
"Police Use of Deadly Force: How Courts and Policy Makers Have Misapplied Tennessee v Garner" (1998) 7 Kansas Journal of Law & Public Policy 100 Kansas Journal of Law & Public Policy United States circa 1998 HeinOnline / Westlaw flag 1
"Making Sense of MacEoin" (1998) 8 Irish Criminal Law Journal 20 Irish Criminal Law Journal Republic of Ireland circa 1998 flag 2
People (DPP) v Noonan [1998] 2 IR 439 circa 1998 22
"The gist of excuses" (1998) 1 Buffalo Criminal Law Review 575 Buffalo Criminal Law Review United States circa 1998 HeinOnline flag 2
R v Kneale CA72/97 [1997] NZCA 535; [1998] 2 NZLR 169; (1997) 15 CRNZ 392 Court of Appeal of New Zealand New Zealand 16 Dec 1997 NZLII flag 13
Andronicou and Constantinou v Cyprus [1997] ECHR 80; (1998) 25 EHRR 491; 3 BHRC 389 European Court of Human Rights Europe 9 Oct 1997 BAILII flag 7
"Loss of self-control in provocation" (1997) 21 Criminal Law Journal 320 Criminal Law Journal Australia circa 1997 Legal Online flag 3
R v Thibert [1996] 1 SCR 37 circa 1996 4
R v Morhall [1996] AC 90; [1995] 3 All ER 659; [1995] 2 Cr App R 502 United Kingdom circa 1996 LexisNexis / Westlaw flag 17
DPP v McBride [1996] 1 IR 312 circa 1996 4
Aus R v Secretary (1996) 107 NTR 1 Australia - Northern Territory circa 1996 LexisNexis AU flag 5
R v Thornton (No 2) [1995] EWCA Crim 6; [1996] 2 All ER 1023; [1996] 2 Cr App R 108; [1996] 1 WLR 1174 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 13 Dec 1995 BAILII flag 23
McCann v United Kingdom [1995] ECHR 31; (1995) 21 EHRR 97 European Court of Human Rights Europe 27 Sep 1995 BAILII flag 135
Masciantonio v R [1995] HCA 67; (1995) 183 CLR 58; (1995) 129 ALR 575; (1995) 69 ALJR 598; (1995) 80 A Crim R 331; (1995) 10 Leg Rep C5 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 14 Jun 1995 AustLII flag 178
R v Pommell [1995] EWCA Crim 7; [1995] Times 22; [1995] 2 Cr App R 607 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 16 May 1995 BAILII flag 20
R v Clegg [1995] UKHL 1; [1995] 1 AC 482; [1995] 1 All ER 334; [1995] Crim LR 418; [1995] 2 WLR 80 House of Lords United Kingdom 19 Jan 1995 BAILII flag 41
R v Hibbert [1995] 2 SCR 973; (1995) 99 CCC (3d) 193 Supreme Court of Canada Canada circa 1995 flag 19
R v Dryden [1995] 4 All ER 987 United Kingdom circa 1995 LexisNexis flag 9
(1994) 144 NJL 354 (1994) 144 NJL 354 New Jersey Law Reports United States - New Jersey circa 1994 flag 1
Irl The People (DPP) v Clarke [1994] 3 IR 289 circa 1994 11
R v Hegarty [1994] Crim LR 353 United Kingdom circa 1994 Westlaw flag 5
"The Influence of the Garner Decision on Police Use of Deadly Force" (1994) 85 Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 241 Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology United States circa 1994 HeinOnline flag 2
"Battered Women who Kill and Criminal Law Defences" [1993] Irish Criminal Law Journal 161 Irish Criminal Law Journal Republic of Ireland circa 1993 flag 1
(1993) 16 Ehrr CD20 (1993) 16 EHRR CD20 European Court of Human Rights Europe circa 1993 flag 1
People (DPP) v Davis [1993] 2 IR 1 circa 1993 10
Women and Provocation: The Implications of R v Ahluwalia" [1993] Crim LR 728 United Kingdom circa 1993 Westlaw flag 4
R v Ahluwalia [1992] EWCA Crim 1; [1992] 4 All ER 889; (1992) 96 Cr App R 133; [1993] Crim LR 63 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 31 Jul 1992 BAILII flag 60
Attorney General v X [1992] IESC 1; [1992] 1 IR 1; [1992] ILRM 401 Supreme Court of Ireland Republic of Ireland 5 Mar 1992 BAILII flag 36
"Homicide and the plea of Self-Defence" (1992) 2 Irish Criminal Law Journal 73 Irish Criminal Law Journal Republic of Ireland circa 1992 flag 1
R v Burgess [1991] 2 QB 92; [1991] 2 All ER 769; [1991] 2 WLR 1206 United Kingdom circa 1991 LexisNexis / Westlaw flag 16
"Private defence, duress and necessity" (1991) 15 Criminal Law Journal 139 Criminal Law Journal Australia circa 1991 Legal Online flag 4
R v Lavallee [1990] CanLII 95 Canada circa 1990 CanLII flag
R v Wang [1989] NZCA 290; [1990] 2 NZLR 529; (1989) 4 CRNZ 674 Court of Appeal of New Zealand New Zealand 27 Oct 1989 NZLII flag 61
Jabarula v Poore & Bell [1989] NTSC 24; (1989) 68 NTR 26; (1989) 96 FLR 34; (1989) 42 A Crim R 479 Supreme Court of the Northern Territory Australia - Northern Territory 9 Jun 1989 AustLII flag 19
R v Hennessy [1989] EWCA Crim 1; [1989] 2 All ER 9; [1989] 1 WLR 287 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 27 Jan 1989 BAILII flag 20
R v Martin [1988] EWCA Crim 2; [1989] 1 All ER 652; (1988) 88 Cr App R 343; (1988) 153 JP 231; [1989] Crim LR 284; [1989] RTR 63 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 29 Nov 1988 BAILII flag 43
R v Conway [1988] EWCA Crim 1; [1989] QB 290; [1988] 3 All ER 1025; (1988) 88 Cr App R 159; [1988] 3 WLR 1238 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 28 Jul 1988 BAILII flag 31
Gujarat v Sunil Fulchand Shah & Anr [1988] INSC 34; 1988 1 SCC 600; 1988 1 SCALE 257; 1988 1 JT 274; 1988 2 SCR 903; AIR 1988 SC 723 Supreme Court of India India 8 Feb 1988 LIIofIndia flag 14
Roche v R [1988] WAR 278; (1987) 29 A Crim R 168 Australia - Western Australia circa 1988 LexisNexis AU flag 17
Zecevic v DPP (Vic) [1987] HCA 26; (1987) 162 CLR 645; (1987) 71 ALR 641; (1987) 25 A Crim R 163; (1987) 61 ALJR 375 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 1 Jul 1987 AustLII flag 412
Beckford v R [1987] UKPC 1; [1988] AC 130; [1987] 3 All ER 425; (1987) 85 Cr App R 378; [1987] 3 WLR 611 Privy Council United Kingdom 26 Jan 1987 BAILII flag 106
“ Anticipating the Past: The Defence of Provocation in Irish Law ” (1987) 50 MLR 133 Malaysia circa 1987 flag 3
R v Doughty [1986] EWCA Crim 1; (1986) 83 Cr App R 319 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 23 May 1986 BAILII flag 11
R v Howe; R v Bannister; R v Burke; R v Clarkson [1986] UKHL 4; [1987] AC 417; [1987] 1 All ER 771; [1987] 2 WLR 568; (1987) 85 Cr App R 32 House of Lords United Kingdom 19 Feb 1986 BAILII flag 106
"Necessity yet another analysis?" (1986) 21 Irish Jurist 186 Irish Jurist Republic of Ireland circa 1986 HeinOnline flag 2
Dowman v Ireland [1986] ILRM 111 Republic of Ireland circa 1986 flag 1
R v Willer (1986) 83 Cr App R 225 United Kingdom circa 1986 LexisNexis flag 21
Tennessee v Garner 471 US 1; 85 L Ed 2d 1; 105 SCt 1694 United States Supreme Court United States 27 Mar 1985 WorldLII flag 473
R v Bird [1985] EWCA Crim 2; [1985] 2 All ER 513; [1985] 1 WLR 816; (1985) 81 Cr App R 110; [1985] Crim LR 388 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 22 Mar 1985 BAILII flag 16
Perka v R [1984] CanLII 23 (SCC); [1984] 2 SCR 232; (1985) 13 DLR (4th) 1 Supreme Court of Canada Canada 11 Oct 1984 CanLII flag 49
Newby v Serviss (1984) 590 FSupp 591 United States circa 1984 Westlaw flag 2
Irl The People (DPP) v Kelso [1984] ILRM 329 Republic of Ireland circa 1984 flag 1
R v Sullivan [1984] AC 156; [1983] 2 All ER 673; (1983) 77 Cr App R 176; [1983] 3 WLR 123 United Kingdom circa 1984 LexisNexis / Westlaw flag 37
R v Kenney [1983] VicRp 106; [1983] 2 VR 470 Australia - Victoria 22 Feb 1983 AustLII flag 11
R v Sullivan [1983] 2All ER 673 United Kingdom circa 1983 CommonLII flag 4
(1983) 5 Ehrr 466 (1983) 5 EHRR 466 European Court of Human Rights Europe circa 1983 flag 1
"Accountability of Law Enforcement Officers in the Use of deadly Force" (1983) 26 Howard Law Journal 119 Howard Law Journal United States circa 1983 HeinOnline / LexisNexis flag 1
"Criminal Law Defenses: A Systematic Analysis" (1982) 82 Columbia Law Review 199 Columbia Law Review United States circa 1982 HeinOnline / LexisNexis flag 6
R v Graham [1981] EWCA Crim 5; [1982] 1 All ER 801; [1982] 1 WLR 294; (1981) 74 Cr App R 235 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 18 Dec 1981 BAILII flag 32
State (DPP) v Walsh [1981] IR 412 circa 1981 31
R v Newell (1980) 71 Cr App R 331; [1980] Crim LR 576 United Kingdom circa 1980 LexisNexis flag 19
R v Loughnan [1981] VicRp 43; [1981] VR 443 Australia - Victoria 1 Oct 1979 AustLII flag 68
"The use of deadly force in arrest: proposals for reform" (1979) 3 Criminal Law Journal 50 Criminal Law Journal Australia circa 1979 Legal Online flag 1
DPP v Camplin [1978] UKHL 2; [1978] AC 705; (1978) 67 Cr App R 14 House of Lords United Kingdom 6 Apr 1978 BAILII flag 117
R v Howe [1978] 1 AC 417 United Kingdom circa 1978 LexisNexis / Westlaw flag 3
People (DPP) v MacEoin [1978] IR 27 circa 1978 26
Viro v R [1978] HCA 9; (1978) 141 CLR 88; (1978) 18 ALR 257; (1978) 52 ALJR 418 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth circa 1978 AustLII flag 315
Moffa v R [1977] HCA 14; (1977) 138 CLR 601; (1977) 13 ALR 225; 51 ALJR 403 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 4 Mar 1977 AustLII flag 91
"Killing the fleeing offender" (1977) 1 Criminal Law Journal 16 Criminal Law Journal Australia circa 1977 Legal Online flag 2
People (DPP) v Murray [1977] IR 360 circa 1977 42
Luc Thiet Thuan v Queen [1977] AC 131 United Kingdom circa 1977 LexisNexis / Westlaw flag 1
R v Fitzpatrick [1977] NI 20 United Kingdom - Northern Ireland circa 1977 LexisNexis flag 16
Johnson v R [1976] HCA 44; (1976) 136 CLR 619; 11 ALR 23; (1976) 51 ALJR 57 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 26 Aug 1976 AustLII flag 61
DPP v Majewski [1976] UKHL 2; [1977] AC 443; [1976] 2 All ER 142; [1976] 2 WLR 623; (1976) 62 Cr App R 262 House of Lords United Kingdom 13 Apr 1976 BAILII flag 125
"The Doctrine of Provocation" [1976] Cambridge Law Journal 292 Cambridge Law Journal United Kingdom circa 1976 flag 5
[1976] NI 169 [1976] NI 169 United Kingdom - Northern Ireland circa 1976 LexisNexis flag 2
Reference under s 48 (A) of the Criminal Law (Northern Ireland) Act 1968 (1 of 1975) [1976] 2 All ER 937; [1976] 3 WLR 235 United Kingdom circa 1976 LexisNexis flag 8
DPP for Northern Ireland v Lynch [1975] UKHL 5; [1975] AC 653; [1975] 1 All ER 913; (1975) 61 Cr App R 6; [1975] 2 WLR 641 House of Lords United Kingdom 12 Mar 1975 BAILII flag 148
R v Sauire (1975) 26 CCC (2d) 219 Canada circa 1975 flag 2
"Self-Defence and the Right to Life" (1975) 34 (2) Cambridge Law Journal 282 Cambridge Law Journal United Kingdom circa 1975 flag 2
R v Davies [1975] QB 691; 1975 1 All ER 890 United Kingdom circa 1975 LexisNexis / Westlaw flag 16
"Self-Defence and the Right to Life" [1975] Cambridge Law Journal 282 Cambridge Law Journal United Kingdom circa 1975 flag 4
R v Quick [1973] EWCA Crim 1; (1973) 1963 AC 386; [1973] QB 910; (1973) 3 All ER 347; [1973] 3 WLR 26; 57 Cr App R 722; 137 JP 763 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 18 Apr 1973 BAILII flag 49
R v Brown [1972] 2 QB 229 United Kingdom circa 1972 LexisNexis / Westlaw flag 5
People (Attorney General) v Dwyer [1972] IR 416 circa 1972 27
R v Hudson [1971] EWCA Crim 2; [1971] 2 QB 202; [1971] 2 All ER 244; (1971) 56 Cr App R 1; [1971] 2 WLR 1047; 135 JP 403 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 17 Mar 1971 BAILII flag 45
Sigismund Palmer v R [1971] AC 815 United Kingdom circa 1971 LexisNexis / Westlaw flag 1
Devlin v Armstrong [1971] NI 13 United Kingdom - Northern Ireland circa 1971 LexisNexis flag 5
Southwark LBC v Williams [1971] Ch 734; [1971] 2 All ER 175; [1971] 2 WLR 467 Court of Chancery United Kingdom circa 1971 LexisNexis / Westlaw flag 59
Palmer v Simmonds [1970] UKPC 2; [1971] AC 814; [1971] 1 All ER 1077; (1971) 55 Cr App R 223; [1971] 2 WLR 831; (1971) 16 WIR 499 Privy Council United Kingdom 14 Jan 1970 BAILII flag 238
Provocation and Misdirected Retaliation" [1968] Crim LR 319 United Kingdom circa 1968 Westlaw flag 3
NZ R v McKay [1967] VR 560 Australia - Victoria circa 1967 LexisNexis AU flag 1
Parker v R [1963] HCA 14; (1963) 111 CLR 610; [1963] ALR 524; (1963) 37 ALJR 3 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 24 May 1963 AustLII flag 195
R v Terry [1964] VicRp 33; [1964] VR 248 Australia - Victoria 13 May 1963 AustLII flag 10
Eng Bratty v AG for Northern Ireland [1963] AC 386 United Kingdom circa 1963 LexisNexis / Westlaw flag 125
R v McGregor [1962] NZPoliceLawRp 13; [1962] NZLR 1069; (1962) 9 New Zealand Police Law Reports 307 New Zealand Police Law Reports New Zealand 6 Aug 1962 NZLII flag 42
R v Howe [1958] HCA 38; (1958) 100 CLR 448; [1958] ALR 753; 32 ALJR 212 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 15 Aug 1958 AustLII flag 97
R v Kemp [1957] 1 QB 399; [1956] 3 All ER 249; (1956) 40 Cr App R 121 United Kingdom circa 1957 LexisNexis / Westlaw flag 47
Joshua v R [1955] AC 121 United Kingdom circa 1955 LexisNexis / Westlaw flag 6
Bedder v DPP [1954] 2 All ER 801; [1954] 1 WLR 1119; (1954) 38 Cr App R 133; 11 ER 801 United Kingdom circa 1954 LexisNexis flag 36
People (Attorney General) v Keatley [1954] IR 12 circa 1954 4
R v McCarthy [1954] 2 All ER 262 United Kingdom circa 1954 LexisNexis flag 5
R v Lipman (1970) 1 QB 1952; [1970] 1 QB 152; [1969] 3 All ER 410; (1969) 53 Cr App R 600 United Kingdom circa 1952 LexisNexis / Westlaw flag 37
R v Duffy [1949] 2 All ER 932 United Kingdom circa 1949 LexisNexis flag 1
Eng R v Duffy [1949] 1 All ER 932 United Kingdom circa 1949 LexisNexis flag 84
Mancini v DPP [1942] AC 1; [1941] 3 All ER 272; 111 LJKB 84 United Kingdom circa 1942 LexisNexis / Westlaw flag 192
Lynch v Fitzgerald [1938] IR 382 circa 1938 4
R v Manchuk [1937] 4 DLR 737 circa 1937 6
Attorney-General v Whelan [1933] IEHC 1; [1934] IR 518 High Court of Ireland Republic of Ireland 20 Dec 1933 BAILII flag 28
Eng DPP v Beard [1920] AC 479 United Kingdom circa 1920 LexisNexis / Westlaw flag 121
"Retreat from a Murderous Assault" (1902-1903) 16 Harvard Law Review 567 Harvard Law Review United States circa 1903 HeinOnline / LexisNexis flag 4
"Homicide in Self-Defence" (1903) 3 Columbia Law Review 525 Columbia Law Review United States circa 1903 HeinOnline / LexisNexis flag 1
R v Ryan (1890) 11 NSWR 171 Australia - New South Wales circa 1890 flag 4
Eng R v Dudley and Stephens (1884) 14 QBD 273 Queen's Bench United Kingdom circa 1884 LexisNexis / Westlaw flag 108
R v Welsh (1869) 11 Cox CC 674 United Kingdom circa 1869 flag 3
R v Welsh (1869) 11 Cox CC 336 United Kingdom circa 1869 flag 18
Eng R v M"Naghten (1843) 4 St Tr NS 817 United Kingdom circa 1843 flag 1
R v William Kirkman [1839] EngR 273; 173 ER 422; (1839) 8 C & P 115 United Kingdom circa 1839 CommonLII flag 19
R vers Oneby [1790] EngR 1964; 92 ER 465; (1790) 2 Ld Raym 1485 King's Bench United Kingdom circa 1790 CommonLII flag 11
Eng R v Mawgridge [1706] Kel 119 United Kingdom circa 1706 flag 7
Semayne's Case [1572] EngR 333; [1558-1774] All ER 62; 77 ER 194; (1572-1616) 5 Co Rep 91 King's Bench United Kingdom circa 1572 CommonLII flag 121
Reniger v Fogossa (1551) 1 Plow 1; 75 ER 1 United Kingdom circa 1551 CommonLII flag 13
17 (4) Irish Criminal Law Journal 10 17 (4) Irish Criminal Law Journal 10 Irish Criminal Law Journal Republic of Ireland circa 2000 flag 1
R v Newell

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