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"The Balancing Act: A Case for Structured Proportionality under the Second Limb of the Lange Test"    

Legislation Cited

Cases and Articles Cited

Case Name	Citation(s)	Court	Jurisdiction	Date †	Full Text		Citation Index
Gaughran v Chief Constable of the Police Service of Northern Ireland	[2015] UKSC 29; (2015) 39 BHRC 698	United Kingdom Supreme Court	United Kingdom	circa 2015	BAILII		12
"Constitutional Law in an Age of Proportionality"	(2015) 124 Yale Law Journal 3094	Yale Law Journal	United States	circa 2015	HeinOnline / Westlaw		7
Tajjour v New South Wales	[2014] HCA 35; (2014) 254 CLR 508; 313 ALR 221; (2014) 241 A Crim R 381; (2014) 88 ALJR 860	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	8 Oct 2014	AustLII		118
Bank Mellat v HM Treasury (No 2)	[2013] UKSC 39; [2013] 4 All ER 533; [2013] 3 WLR 179; [2013] HRLR 30; [2014] AC 700	United Kingdom Supreme Court	United Kingdom	19 Jun 2013	BAILII		241
Attorney-General (SA) v Corporation of the City of Adelaide	[2013] HCA 3; (2013) 249 CLR 1; (2013) 295 ALR 197; (2013) 87 ALJR 289; (2013) 192 LGERA 185	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	27 Feb 2013	AustLII		191
Unions New South Wales v New South Wales	(2013) 252 CLR 530		Australia - Commonwealth	circa 2013	Legal Online / Westlaw		73
"How to Compare the Length of Lines to the Weight of Stones: Balancing and the Resolution of Value Conflicts in Constitutional Law"	(2013) 14 German Law Journal 1387	German Law Journal	Germany	circa 2013	Westlaw		1
Monis v R	(2013) 249 CLR 92		Australia - Commonwealth	circa 2013	Legal Online / Westlaw		122
"The migration of proportionality across Europe"	(2013) 11 New Zealand Journal of Public and International Law 438	New Zealand Journal of Public and International Law	New Zealand	circa 2013	HeinOnline / Westlaw		1
"Rights and the rule of law in the balance"	(2013) 129 Law Quarterly Review 399	Law Quarterly Review	United Kingdom	circa 2013	Westlaw		3
"Proportionality: A Rule of Reason"	(2012) 23 Public Law Review 85	Public Law Review	Australia	circa 2012	Legal Online		16
"Judicial Conversations and Comparative Law: The Case of Non-Hegemonic Countries"	(2011) 47 Tulsa Law Review 405	Tulsa Law Review	United States	circa 2011	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		1
"The Implied Freedom of Political Communication, Twenty Years On"	(2011) 30 University of Queensland Law Journal 59	University of Queensland Law Journal	Australia	circa 2011	AustLII		4
Hogan v Hinch	[2011] HCA 4; (2011) 243 CLR 506; (2011) 275 ALR 408; 85 ALJR 398	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	circa 2011	AustLII		1420
"The Brennan Conception of the Implied Freedom: Theory, Proportionality and Deference"	(2011) 30 University of Queensland Law Journal 119	University of Queensland Law Journal	Australia	circa 2011	AustLII		2
"Balancing, Subsumption, and the Constraining Role of Legal Text"	(2010) 4 Law & Ethics of Human Rights 35	Law & Ethics of Human Rights	Israel	circa 2010			1
"The Construction of Constitutional Rights"	(2010) 4 Law & Ethics of Human Rights 19	Law & Ethics of Human Rights	Israel	circa 2010			1
Alberta v Hutterian Brethren of Wilson Colony	[2009] 2 SCR 567; [2009] SCC 37; [2009] SC 37		United Kingdom - Scotland	24 Jul 2009	Supreme Court of Canada		24
"Proportionality: An Assault on Human Rights?"	(2009) 7 International Journal of Constitutional Law 468	International Journal of Constitutional Law	United Kingdom	circa 2009	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		2
"The Reformation of English Administrative Law"	(2009) 68 Cambridge Law Journal 142	Cambridge Law Journal	United Kingdom	circa 2009			6
"Proportionality in Canadian and German Constitutional Jurisprudence"	(2007) 57 University of Toronto Law Journal 383	University of Toronto Law Journal	Canada	circa 2007	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		7
"The Constitutional (In)validity of Religious Vilifi cation Laws: Implications for their Interpretation"	(2006) 34 Federal Law Review 287	Federal Law Review	Australia	circa 2006	HeinOnline / Informit		5
"Proportionality and Variable Intensity of Review"	(2006) 65 Cambridge Law Journal 174	Cambridge Law Journal	United Kingdom	circa 2006			12
"Justice McHugh, Representative Government and the Elimination of Balancing"	(2006) 28 Sydney Law Review 505	Sydney Law Review	Australia	circa 2006	AustLII		12
"The Protection of Political Communication under the Australian Constitution"	(2005) 28 University of New South Wales Law Journal 30	University of New South Wales Law Journal	Australia	circa 2005	AustLII		9
"Generic Constitutional Law"	(2005) 89 Minnesota Law Review 652	Minnesota Law Review	United States	circa 2005	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		8
Coleman v Power	[2004] HCA 39; (2004) 220 CLR 1; (2004) 209 ALR 182; (2004) 78 ALJR 1166	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	1 Sep 2004	AustLII		541
"So Far So Good ?: A Critical Evaluation of Racial Vilification Laws in Australia"	(2004) 32 Federal Law Review 225	Federal Law Review	Australia	circa 2004	HeinOnline / Informit		9
"Politics, Police and Proportionality - An Opportunity to Explore the Lange Test: Coleman v Power"	(2003) 25 Sydney Law Review 379	Sydney Law Review	Australia	circa 2003	AustLII		8
Regaining a Sense of Proportion: The Human Rights Act and the Proportionality Principle ”	[2001] 5 European Human Rights Law Review 504	European Human Rights Law Review	United Kingdom	circa 2001	Westlaw		1
"The Limits of Constitutional Text and Structure: Standards of Review and the Freedom of Political Communication"	(1999) 23 Melbourne University Law Review 668	Melbourne University Law Review	Australia	circa 1999	AustLII		67
Levy v Victoria	[1997] HCA 31; (1997) 189 CLR 579; (1997) 146 ALR 248; (1997) 71 ALJR 837; (1997) 12 Leg Rep 14	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	31 Jul 1997	AustLII		464
Lange v Australian Broadcasting Corporation	[1997] HCA 25; (1997) 189 CLR 520; (1997) 8 FLR 216; (1997) 145 ALR 96; (1997) 71 ALJR 818; [1997] Aust Torts Reports 81-434; 2 BHRC 513; (1997) 2 CHRLD 231; (1997) 10 Leg Rep 2	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	8 Jul 1997	AustLII		1236
"Constitutional Guarantees, Characterisation and the Concept of Proportionality"	(1997) 21 Melbourne University Law Review 1	Melbourne University Law Review	Australia	circa 1997	AustLII		44
"The Rise and Rise of the Reasonable Proportionality Test in Public Law"	(1996) 7 Public Law Review 212	Public Law Review	Australia	circa 1996	Legal Online		14
Coetzee v Government of the Republic of South Africa	[1995] ZACC 7; 1995 4 SA 631	Constitutional Court of South Africa	South Africa	22 Sep 1995	SAFLII		98
United Mizrahi Bank Ltd v Migdal Cooperative Village	[1995] CA 6821/93			circa 1995			1
Nationwide News Pty Ltd v Wills	[1992] HCA 46; (1992) 177 CLR 1; (1992) 108 ALR 681; (1992) 66 ALJR 658; (1992) 44 IR 282	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	30 Sep 1992	AustLII		939
Australian Capital Television Pty Ltd v Commonwealth	[1992] HCA 45; (1992) 177 CLR 106; 108 ALR 577; (1992) 66 ALJR 695	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	circa 1992	AustLII		1163
Bendix Autolite Corporation v Midwesco Enterprises, Inc	486 US 888; 100 L Ed 2d 896; 108 SCt 2218	United States Supreme Court	United States	17 Jun 1988	WorldLII		36
"The Court, the Community and the Judicial Balance: The Jurisprudence of Justice Powell"	(1987) 97 Yale Law Journal 1	Yale Law Journal	United States	circa 1987	HeinOnline / Westlaw		2
R v Oakes	[1986] CanLII 46		Canada	circa 1986	CanLII
R v Big M Drug Mart Ltd	[1985] CanLII 69; (1985) 18 DLR (4th) 321; [1985] 1 SCR 295; [1985] SCC 69	Supreme Court of Canada	Canada	24 Apr 1985	CanLII		158
Commonwealth v Tasmania	[1983] HCA 21; (1983) 158 CLR 1; (1983) 46 ALR 625; (1983) 57 ALJR 450; 68 ILR 266	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	1 Jul 1983	AustLII		994
R v Goldstein	[1983] 1 All ER 414; [1983] 1 WLR 151		United Kingdom	circa 1983	LexisNexis		10
Australian Communist Party v Commonwealth	[1951] HCA 5; (1951) 83 CLR 1; [1951] ALR 129	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	9 Mar 1951	AustLII		673
United States v Carolene Products Co	304 US 144; 82 L Ed 1234; 58 SCt 778	United States Supreme Court	United States	25 Apr 1938	WorldLII		318
United States v Alvarez	617 F3d 1198		United States	circa 1985	Westlaw		1
Wotton v Queensland	246 CLR 1; (2012) 285 ALR 1; (2012) 218 A Crim R 322; (2012) 86 ALJR 246		Australia - Commonwealth	circa 1985	Legal Online / Westlaw		99
BVerfGE 90, 145	BVerfGE 90, 145	Bundesverfassungsgericht	Germany	circa 1985			7
BVerfGE 34, 238	BVerfGE 34, 238	Bundesverfassungsgericht	Germany	circa 1985			2