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Productivity Partners Pty Ltd v Australian Competition and Consumer Commission   flag  17

[2024] HCA 27; 419 ALR 30; (2024) 98 ALJR 1021
High Court of Australia
Australia - Commonwealth
14th August, 2024

Cases Referring to this Case

Case Name Citation(s) Court Jurisdiction Date †  Full Text Citation Index
Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Union Standard International Group Pty Ltd (No 4) [2024] FCA 1481 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 20 Dec 2024 AustLII flag
Master Wealth Control Pty Ltd v Australian Competition and Consumer Commission [2024] FCAFC 171 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 20 Dec 2024 AustLII flag
J & J Richards Super Pty Ltd ATF The J & J Richards Superannuation Fund v Nielsen [2024] FCA 1472 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 18 Dec 2024 AustLII flag
Naqebullah v Victoria [2024] VSCA 307 Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal Australia - Victoria 11 Dec 2024 AustLII flag
Kramer v Stone [2024] HCA 48 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 11 Dec 2024 AustLII flag 1
Trustee for Knight Superannuation Fund v Property Mentors Australia Pty Ltd (No 3) [2024] FCA 1381 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 2 Dec 2024 AustLII flag
Driver v Botanical Water Technologies Pty Ltd [2024] NSWSC 1409 Supreme Court of New South Wales Australia - New South Wales 8 Nov 2024 AustLII flag 1
Matheson Property Group Pty Ltd (Trustee) v Virgin Australia Holdings Ltd (No 5) [2024] FCA 1293 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 7 Nov 2024 AustLII flag
Koninklijke Douwe Egberts BV v Cantarella Bros Pty Ltd [2024] FCA 1277 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 7 Nov 2024 AustLII flag
Pizzino v Caratti (No 3) [2024] FCA 1278 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 6 Nov 2024 AustLII flag
Re Dysin Investment Partners Pty Ltd [2024] VSC 656 Supreme Court of Victoria Australia - Victoria 29 Oct 2024 AustLII flag
Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Noumi Ltd (No 4) [2024] FCA 1192 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 17 Oct 2024 AustLII flag
Lindfield NSW Pty Ltd v Netdeen Pty Ltd t/as GJ Gardner Homes (No 3) [2024] NSWSC 1305 Supreme Court of New South Wales Australia - New South Wales 17 Oct 2024 AustLII flag
Leedman v Chahhoud [2024] NSWSC 1284 Supreme Court of New South Wales Australia - New South Wales 16 Oct 2024 AustLII flag 2
Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Darranda Pty Ltd (Liability) [2024] FCA 1015 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 4 Sep 2024 AustLII flag
Plutus Payroll Australia Pty Ltd (in liquidation) v Saikali [2024] NSWSC 1093 Supreme Court of New South Wales Australia - New South Wales 28 Aug 2024 AustLII flag 2
Pty Ltd v Li (No 2) [2024] FCA 964 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 23 Aug 2024 AustLII flag

Legislation Cited

Legislation Name Provision
Competition and Consumer Legislation Amendment Bill 2011 (Cth)
Australian Securities and Investments Commission Act 2001 (Cth) s12CA, s12CB, s21, s22
Crimes Act 1914 (Cth)
Competition and Consumer Act 2010 (Cth) s2, s18, s139B
Higher Education Support Act 2003 (Cth) s2.1
Trade Practices Act 1974 (Cth) s2, s18, s21, s22, s45, s52
Crimes Act 1900 (NSW) s52A, s351

Cases and Articles Cited

Case Name Citation(s) Court Jurisdiction Date †  Full Text Citation Index
R v Rohan (a pseudonym) [2024] HCA 3; (2024) 98 ALJR 429 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 14 Feb 2024 AustLII flag 10
CCIG Investments Pty Ltd v Schokman [2023] HCA 21; (2023) 278 CLR 165; 410 ALR 479; (2023) 97 ALJR 551 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 2 Aug 2023 AustLII flag 18
Anchorage Capital Master Offshore Ltd v Sparkes [2023] NSWCA 88; (2023) 111 NSWLR 304 Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Appeal Australia - New South Wales 9 May 2023 AustLII flag 18
Productivity Partners Pty Ltd v Australian Competition and Consumer Commission [2023] FCAFC 54; (2023) 297 FCR 180 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 6 Apr 2023 AustLII flag 12
"Beyond the Unwritten Law: The Limits of Statutory Unconscionable Conduct" (2023) 17 Journal of Equity 1 Journal of Equity Australia circa 2023 LexisNexis AU flag 1
"Corporate Unconscionability: Systems of Conduct and Patterns of Behaviour" (2023) 52 Australian Bar Review 323 Australian Bar Review Australia circa 2023 LexisNexis AU flag 1
United Church in Australia Property Trust (Vic) v Ian Hartley Architects Pty Ltd [2022] VSC 233 Supreme Court of Victoria Australia - Victoria 12 May 2022 AustLII flag 8
Stubbings v Jams 2 Pty Ltd [2022] HCA 6; (2022) 276 CLR 1; (2022) 399 ALR 409; (2022) 96 ALJR 271 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 16 Mar 2022 AustLII flag 81
Belconnen Lakeview Pty Ltd v Lloyd [2021] FCAFC 187; (2021) 156 ACSR 273 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 25 Oct 2021 AustLII flag 7
Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Productivity Partners Pty Ltd (trading as Captain Cook College) (No 3) [2021] FCA 737; (2021) 154 ACSR 472 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 2 Jul 2021 AustLII flag 16
Ali v Australian Competition and Consumer Commission [2021] FCAFC 109; (2021) 394 ALR 227 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 22 Jun 2021 AustLII flag 5
Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Quantum Housing Group Pty Ltd [2021] FCAFC 40; (2021) 285 FCR 133; (2021) 388 ALR 577; (2021) 151 ACSR 98 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 19 Mar 2021 AustLII flag 62
Good Living Co Pty Ltd v Kingsmede Pty Ltd [2021] FCAFC 33; (2021) 284 FCR 424 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 16 Mar 2021 AustLII flag 14
"Culpable Corporate Minds" (2021) 48 University of Western Australia Law Review 352 University of Western Australia Law Review Australia - Western Australia circa 2021 HeinOnline flag 1
"Trust and Commerce in Historical Perspective" (2021) 15 Journal of Equity 2 Journal of Equity Australia circa 2021 LexisNexis AU flag 3
"Systems of Misconduct: Corporate Culpability and Statutory Unconscionability" (2021) 15 Journal of Equity 63 Journal of Equity Australia circa 2021 LexisNexis AU flag 3
Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Kobelt (2019) 267 CLR 1 Australia - Commonwealth circa 2019 Legal Online / Westlaw flag 86
Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Medibank Private Ltd [2018] FCAFC 235; (2018) 267 FCR 544 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 20 Dec 2018 AustLII flag 28
Unique International College Pty Ltd v Australian Competition and Consumer Commission [2018] FCAFC 155; (2018) 266 FCR 631; (2018) 362 ALR 66 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 19 Sep 2018 AustLII flag 56
SZTAL v Minister for Immigration and Border Protection [2017] HCA 34; (2017) 262 CLR 362; (2017) 347 ALR 405; (2017) 91 ALJR 936 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 6 Sep 2017 AustLII flag 1293
Smith v R; R v Afford [2017] HCA 19; (2017) 259 CLR 291; (2017) 343 ALR 561; (2017) 91 ALJR 621 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 10 May 2017 AustLII flag 18
"Conscience, Fair-Dealing and Commerce: Parliaments and the Courts" (2017) 91 Australian Law Journal 820 Australian Law Journal Australia circa 2017 Legal Online flag 2
Commonwealth Bank of Australia v Kojic [2016] FCAFC 186; (2016) 249 FCR 421; (2016) 341 ALR 572 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 21 Dec 2016 AustLII flag 96
Zaburoni v R [2016] HCA 12; (2016) 256 CLR 482; (2016) 330 ALR 49; (2016) 90 ALJR 492; (2016) 258 A Crim R 260 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 6 Apr 2016 AustLII flag 84
Paciocco v Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Ltd 333 ALR 569; 90 ALJR 835; 258 CLR 525; [2016] HCA 28 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth circa 2016 AustLII flag 279
Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v ACN 117 372 915 Pty Ltd (in liq) (formerly Advanced Medical Institute Pty Ltd) [2015] FCA 368; [2015] ATPR 42-498 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 22 Apr 2015 AustLII flag 43
Paciocco v Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Ltd (2015) 236 FCR 199; (2016) 33 ALR 569; [2015] FCAFC 50 Federal Court of Australia Australia circa 2015 Legal Online / Westlaw flag 169
Paciocco v Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Ltd (2014) 309 ALR 249; [2014] FCA 35 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth circa 2014 LexisNexis AU flag 24
"The Evolution of Equitable Conscience" (2014) 8 Journal of Equity 128 Journal of Equity Australia circa 2014 LexisNexis AU flag 2
Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v TPG Internet Pty Ltd [2013] HCA 54; (2013) 250 CLR 640; (2013) 304 ALR 186; (2013) 96 ACSR 475; (2013) 88 ALJR 176 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 12 Dec 2013 AustLII flag 591
Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Lux Distributors Pty Ltd [2013] FCAFC 90; [2013] ATPR 42-447 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 15 Aug 2013 AustLII flag 124
Kakavas v Crown Melbourne Ltd [2013] HCA 25; (2013) 250 CLR 392; (2013) 298 ALR 35; (2013) 87 ALJR 708 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 5 Jun 2013 AustLII flag 268
King v R [2012] HCA 24; (2012) 245 CLR 588; (2012) 288 ALR 565; (2012) 86 ALJR 833; (2012) 216 A Crim R 267 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 20 Jun 2012 AustLII flag 99
Rafferty v Madgwicks [2012] FCAFC 37; (2012) 203 FCR 1; (2012) 287 ALR 437 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 20 Mar 2012 AustLII flag 88
Stewart v White [2011] QCA 291; (2011) 284 ALR 432 Supreme Court of Queensland - Court of Appeal Australia - Queensland 18 Oct 2011 AustLII flag 2
"The 2009 WA Lee Lecture in Equity: The Conscience of Equity" (2010) 10 Queensland University of Technology Law and Justice Journal 106 Queensland University of Technology Law and Justice Journal Australia - Queensland circa 2010 AustLII flag 2
Campbell v Backoffice Investments Pty Ltd [2009] HCA 25; (2009) 238 CLR 304; (2009) 257 ALR 610; 73 ACSR 1; (2009) 83 ALJR 903; (2009) 73 ASCR 1 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth circa 2009 AustLII flag 733
OBG Ltd v Allan; Douglas v Hello! Ltd (No 3); Mainstream Properties Ltd v Young [2007] UKHL 21; [2008] 1 AC 1; [2007] 2 All ER 1000; [2007] All ER (D) 44; [2007] 2 WLR 920; [2008] 1 All ER (Comm) 1; [2007] EMLR 12; (2007) 30 IPD 30037; [2007] IRLR 608; [2007] BPIR 746 House of Lords United Kingdom 2 Mar 2007 BAILII flag 456
"The Mental Element in Complicity" (2006) 122 Law Quarterly Review 578 Law Quarterly Review United Kingdom circa 2006 Westlaw flag 20
Australian Securities and Investments Commission v National Exchange Pty Ltd [2005] FCAFC 226; (2005) 148 FCR 132; 56 ACSR 131; 23 ACLC 1989 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 25 Nov 2005 AustLII flag 140
Attorney General (NSW) v World Best Holdings Ltd (2005) 63 NSWLR 557 Australia - New South Wales circa 2005 LexisNexis AU flag 215
Butcher v Lachlan Elder Realty Pty Ltd [2004] HCA 60; (2004) 218 CLR 592; (2004) 212 ALR 357; (2004) 79 ALJR 308; [2005] ANZ Conv R 65; [2004] ATPR 42-033 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 2 Dec 2004 AustLII flag 650
Quinlivan v Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (2004) 160 FCR 1 Federal Court of Australia Australia circa 2004 Legal Online / Westlaw flag 59
Rural Press Ltd v Australian Competition and Consumer Commission [2003] HCA 75; (2003) 216 CLR 53; 78 ALJR 274; [2003] ATPR 41-965; (2003) 203 ALR 217 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 11 Dec 2003 AustLII flag 353
Tanwar Enterprises Pty Ltd v Cauchi [2003] HCA 57; (2003) 217 CLR 315; (2003) 201 ALR 359; (2003) 77 ALJR 1853 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 7 Oct 2003 AustLII flag 349
Adler v Australian Securities and Investments Commission [2003] NSWCA 131; (2003) 179 FLR 1; (2003) 46 ACSR 504; 21 ACLC 1810; (2003) 46 ASCR 504 Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Appeal Australia - New South Wales 8 Jul 2003 AustLII flag 280
Macleod v R [2003] HCA 24; (2003) 214 CLR 230; (2003) 197 ALR 333; (2003) 77 ALJR 1047; (2003) 140 A Crim R 343; (2003) 24 Leg Rep C1; (2003) 21 ACLC 1601 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 7 May 2003 AustLII flag 153
Medical Benefits Fund of Australia Ltd v Cassidy (2003) 135 FCR 1 Federal Court of Australia Australia circa 2003 Legal Online / Westlaw flag 104
Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v C G Berbatis Holdings Pty Ltd (2003) 214 CLR 51 Australia - Commonwealth circa 2003 Legal Online / Westlaw flag 260
Rural Press Ltd v Australian Competition and Consumer Commission [2002] FCAFC 213; (2002) 118 FCR 236; 193 ALR 399; [2002] ATPR 41-883 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 16 Jul 2002 AustLII flag 149
Miller & Associates Insurance Broking Pty Ltd v BMW Australia Finance Ltd (2001) 241 CLR 357 Australia - Commonwealth 2 Feb 2001 AustLII flag 299
Campomar Sociedad, Limitada v Nike International Ltd [2000] HCA 12; (2000) 202 CLR 45; (2000) 169 ALR 677; (2000) 48 IPR 52; (2000) 109 LGERA 1; [2000] AIPC 91-540; 74 ALJR 573; (2000) 202 ATPR (Digest) 46-303 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 9 Mar 2000 AustLII flag 791
"Annual Miegunyah Lecture: Equity, Conscience, and Unjust Enrichment" (1999) 23 Melbourne University Law Review 1 Melbourne University Law Review Australia circa 1999 AustLII flag 10
Peters v R [1998] HCA 7; (1998) 192 CLR 493; (1998) 151 ALR 51; (1998) 72 ALJR 517; (1998) 96 A Crim R 250; (1998) 38 ATR 142; [1998] 3 Leg Rep C1 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 2 Feb 1998 AustLII flag 328
"Equity in the Modern Law: An Exercise in Taxonomy" (1996) 26 University of Western Australia Law Review 1 University of Western Australia Law Review Australia circa 1996 AustLII flag 36
"Integrity, Intentions, and Corporations" (1996) 34 American Business Law Journal 141 American Business Law Journal United States circa 1996 Westlaw flag 1
Meridian Global Funds Management Asia Ltd v Securities Commission [1995] UKPC 5; [1995] 2 AC 500; [1995] 3 All ER 918; [1995] 3 WLR 413; [1995] BCC 942; [1995] 2 BCLC 116 Privy Council United Kingdom 26 Jun 1995 BAILII flag 345
R v Buckett (1995) 126 FLR 435; (1995) 132 ALR 669; (1995) 79 A Crim R 302 Australia circa 1995 Legal Online / Westlaw flag 36
"The Place of Equity and Equitable Remedies in the Contemporary Common Law World" (1994) 110 Law Quarterly Review 238 Law Quarterly Review United Kingdom circa 1994 Westlaw flag 51
R v McCarthy and Ryan (1993) 71 A Crim R 395 Australia circa 1993 Legal Online / Westlaw flag 25
Louth v Diprose [1992] HCA 61; (1992) 175 CLR 621; (1992) 110 ALR 1; (1993) 67 ALJR 95; [1993] Aust Contract Reports 90-021; [1993] ANZ Conv R 214 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 2 Dec 1992 AustLII flag 451
Demagogue Pty Ltd v Ramensky [1992] FCA 557; (1992) 39 FCR 31; (1992) 110 ALR 608; [1993] ATPR 41-203 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 20 Nov 1992 AustLII flag 678
R v Rogerson [1992] HCA 25; (1992) 174 CLR 268; 107 ALR 225; (1992) 60 A Crim R 429; (1992) 66 ALJR 500 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 17 Jun 1992 AustLII flag 210
Jiminez v R [1992] HCA 14; (1992) 173 CLR 572; 106 ALR 162; 15 MVR 289; 59 A Crim R 308; 66 ALJR 292 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 6 May 1992 AustLII flag 260
"Corporate Ethos: A Standard for Imposing Corporate Criminal Liability" (1991) 75 Minnesota Law Review 1095 Minnesota Law Review United States circa 1991 HeinOnline / LexisNexis flag 8
R v Stokes and Difford (1990) 51 A Crim R 25 Australia circa 1990 Legal Online / Westlaw flag 109
"Complicity, Purpose and the Draft Code — 2" [1990] Criminal Law Review 98 Criminal Law Review United Kingdom circa 1990 Westlaw flag 1
Kimberley NZI Finance Ltd v Torero Pty Ltd [1989] FCA 400; [1989] ATPR (Digest) 46-054; [1989] ATPR 46-054; [1989] ASC 55-943 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 27 Sep 1989 AustLII flag 79
"Commercial Law and Morality" (1989-1990) 17 Melbourne University Law Review 100 Melbourne University Law Review Australia circa 1989 AustLII flag 9
R v Tannous (1988) 81 ALR 403; 88 FLR 97; (1987) 10 NSWLR 303; (1987) 32 A Crim R 301 Australia circa 1988 LexisNexis AU flag 109
Minister for Aboriginal Affairs v Peko-Wallsend Ltd [1986] HCA 40; (1986) 162 CLR 24; (1986) 66 ALR 299; (1986) 60 ALJR 560; (1986) 10 ALN N109; [1986] CA 40 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth circa 1986 AustLII flag 5537
Giorgianni v R [1985] HCA 29; (1985) 156 CLR 473; (1985) 58 ALR 641; (1985) 59 ALJR 461; (1985) 16 A Crim R 163; (1985) 2 MVR 97; (1985) 4 IPR 97 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 18 Apr 1985 AustLII flag 649
Yorke v Lucas [1985] HCA 65; (1985) 158 CLR 661; (1985) 61 ALR 307; [1985] ATPR 40-622; (1985) 59 ALJR 776 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth circa 1985 AustLII flag 1294
Commercial Bank of Australia Ltd v Amadio [1983] HCA 14; (1983) 151 CLR 447; (1983) 46 ALR 402; (1983) 57 ALJR 358; [1983-1984] ANZ Conv R 169; 19 ATPR 41-288 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 12 May 1983 AustLII flag 1464
Parkdale Custom Built Furniture Pty Ltd v Puxu Pty Ltd [1982] HCA 44; (1982) 149 CLR 191; (1982) 42 ALR 1; (1982) 56 ALJR 715; [1982] ATPR 40-307; 1A IPR 684; 1 TPR 282 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 11 Aug 1982 AustLII flag 1536
Harry v Kreutziger (1978) 95 DLR (3d) 231; (1978) 9 BCLR 166 Canada circa 1978 flag 24
R v Robert Millar (Contractors) Ltd [1970] 2 QB 54; [1970] 1 All ER 577 United Kingdom circa 1970 LexisNexis / Westlaw flag 18
R v Glennan (1970) 91 WN (NSW) 609; [1970] 2 NSWR 421 Australia - New South Wales circa 1970 flag 20
McBride v R [1966] HCA 22; (1966) 115 CLR 44; [1966] ALR 753; 40 ALJR 57 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 27 Apr 1966 AustLII flag 177
R v Creamer [1966] 1 QB 72; [1965] 3 All ER 257 United Kingdom circa 1966 LexisNexis / Westlaw flag 14
Ashbury v Reid [1961] WAR 49 Australia - Western Australia circa 1961 LexisNexis AU flag 94
Jones v Dunkel [1959] HCA 8; (1959) 101 CLR 298; [1959] ALR 367; 32 ALJR 395; (1959) 18 CA 8 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 3 Mar 1959 AustLII flag 7919
Jenyns v Public Curator (Qld) [1953] HCA 2; (1953) 90 CLR 113 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 27 Feb 1953 AustLII flag 154
Johnson v Youden [1950] 1 KB 544; [1950] 1 All ER 301; 114 JP 136 United Kingdom circa 1950 LexisNexis / Westlaw flag 123
Thomas v Lindop [1950] 1 All ER 966 United Kingdom circa 1950 LexisNexis flag 9
R v Boston [1923] HCA 59; (1923) 33 CLR 386; 30 ALR 185 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 10 Dec 1923 AustLII flag 62
Du Gras v Lambourne [1906] UKLawRpKQB 131; [1907] 1 KB 40; 70 JP 525; 76 LJKB 50; 95 LT 782; 23 TLR 3; 21 Cox CC 311 United Kingdom 1 Nov 1906 CommonLII flag 39
Callow v Tillstone (1900) 83 LT 411 United Kingdom circa 1900 flag 8
R v Salmon [1880] UKLawRpKQB 93; (1880) 6 QBD 79 United Kingdom 4 Dec 1880 CommonLII flag 14
R v William Gaylor [1857] EngR 60; 169 ER 1011; [1857] Dears & B 288 United Kingdom circa 1857 CommonLII flag 5
Jones v Bonner and Nash [1848] EngR 492; LR 2 Exch 230; 154 ER 476; 5 Dow & L 718; 36 LJEx 124 Court of Exchequer United Kingdom circa 1848 CommonLII flag 29
Juliana [1822] EngR 235; (1822) 2 Dods 504; 165 ER 1560 United Kingdom circa 1822 CommonLII flag 62
Somerset v Stewart [1772] EngR 57; 98 ER 499; [1772] Lofft 1; (1772) 20 St Tr 1; [1772] Lo R 1 King's Bench United Kingdom circa 1772 CommonLII flag 69
Earl of Chesterfield v Janssen [1750] EngR 25; 2 Ves Sen 125; (1751) 28 ER 82; 1 Atk 301; 2 Ves 549 Court of Chancery United Kingdom circa 1751 CommonLII flag 111
United States v Peoni 100 F2d 401 United States circa 2007 Westlaw flag 331

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