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Milkovich v Lorain Journal Co   flag 

497 US 1; 111 L Ed 2d 1; 110 SCt 2695
United States Supreme Court
United States
21st June, 1990

Cases Referring to this Case

Case Name Citation(s) Court Jurisdiction Date †  Full Text Citation Index
Madison, Carl v Frazier, Renatta [2008] USCA7 528 United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit United States 22 Aug 2008 WorldLII flag
CACI Premier Technology v Rhodes [2008] USCA4 1137 United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit United States 5 Aug 2008 WorldLII flag
Manufactured Home v County of San Diego [2008] USCA9 66 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 6 Mar 2008 WorldLII flag
Fjelsta v Zogg Dermatology Plc 488 F3d 804 United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit United States 29 May 2007 WorldLII flag
Hatfill v The New York Times Co 427 F3d 253 United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit United States 18 Oct 2005 WorldLII flag
Ciriaco Boy Guingging v The Honorable Court of Appeals, [2005] PHSC 1057 Supreme Court of the Philippines Philippines 30 Sep 2005 AsianLII flag
Hatfill v New York Times Co 416 F3d 320 United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit United States 28 Jul 2005 WorldLII flag
Aviation Charter Inc v Aviation Research Group/us 416 F3d 864 United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit United States 21 Jul 2005 WorldLII flag
Knievel v Espn 393 F3d 1068 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 4 Jan 2005 WorldLII flag
Republic Tobacco Co v North Atlantic Trading Co Inc 381 F3d 717 United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit United States 1 Sep 2004 WorldLII flag
Conservation Council of SA Inc v Chapman [2003] SASC 398; (2003) 87 SASR 62 Supreme Court of South Australia Australia - South Australia 9 Dec 2003 AustLII flag
Lieberman v N Fieger 338 F3d 1076 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 11 Aug 2003 WorldLII flag
Parks v Laface Records 329 F3d 437 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States 2 Jul 2003 WorldLII flag
Suzuki Motor Corporation v Consumers Union of United States Inc 330 F3d 1110 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 19 May 2003 WorldLII flag
Yohe v Nugent 321 F3d 35 United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit United States 26 Feb 2003 WorldLII flag
Rodriguez v Panayiotou 314 F3d 979 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 3 Dec 2002 WorldLII flag
Flowers v Carville 310 F3d 1118 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 12 Nov 2002 WorldLII flag
Mercer v City of Cedar Rapids 308 F3d 840 United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit United States 15 Oct 2002 WorldLII flag
Horsley v Feldt 304 F3d 1125 United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit United States 5 Sep 2002 WorldLII flag
Steam Press Holdings Inc v Hawaii Teamsters and Allied Workers Union Local 996 302 F3d 998 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 26 Aug 2002 WorldLII flag
Planned Parenthood of the Columbia/willamette Inc 290 F3d 1058 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 10 Jul 2002 WorldLII flag
Horsley v Rivera 292 F3d 695 United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit United States 28 May 2002 WorldLII flag
Murray v United Food and Commercial Workers International Union 400 289 F3d 297 United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit United States 10 May 2002 WorldLII flag
Van Buskirk Mdl v Cable News Network Inc 284 F3d 977 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 20 Mar 2002 WorldLII flag
Metabolife International, Inc , a California Corporation, Plaintiff-Appellant, v Susan Wornick, an Individual; George Blackburn, an Individual; Hearst-Argyle Television, Inc , a Delaware Corporation, D/b/a WCVB-TV, Defendants-Appellees 264 F3d 832 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 5 Sep 2001 WorldLII flag
Richard Lloyd Carr, Plaintiff-Appellant, v Forbes, Incorporated; Matthew Schifrin; John Does, Defendants-Appellees 259 F3d 273 United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit United States 1 Aug 2001 WorldLII flag
Jay Campbell; Kirk Lane, Appellees, v Citizens for an Honest Government, Inc , D/b/a Integrity Films; Jeremiah Films, Inc; Pat Matrisciana, Appellants 255 F3d 560 United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit United States 10 Jul 2001 WorldLII flag
Marc R Wilkow, Plaintiff-Appellant, v Forbes, Inc , and Brigid McMenamin, Defendants-Appellees 241 F3d 552 United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit United States 20 Feb 2001 WorldLII flag
Paul Weyrich, Appellant v The New Republic, Inc , , Appellees 235 F3d 617 United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit United States 5 Jan 2001 WorldLII flag
Emerito Estrada Rivera-Isuzu De PR , Inc , Plaintiff, Appellant, v Consumers Union of United States, Inc , Defendant, Appellee 233 F3d 24 United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit United States 28 Nov 2000 WorldLII flag
Mary McClure and Gary Kemp, Plaintiffs/Appellants, v American Family Mutual Insurance Co, American Standard Insurance Co of Wisconsin, American Family Life Insurance Co, David Krueger, Daniel Desalvo, Harvey Pierce, and Dale Mathwich, Defendants/Appellees 223 F3d 845 United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit United States 21 Aug 2000 WorldLII flag
Cynthia Taylor and Rebecca Smith, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v Hamilton Carmouche, Margaret Felton, and City of Gary, Indiana, Defendants-Appellees 214 F3d 788 United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit United States 20 Jul 2000 WorldLII flag
[2000] Usca10 160; 215 f3d 1140 (15 June 2000) 215 F3d 1140 United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit United States 15 Jun 2000 WorldLII flag
JOHNNIE L COCHRAN, JR , Plaintiff-Appellant, v NYP HOLDINGS, INC , a Delaware Corporation; ANDREA PEYSER, Defendants-Appellees 210 F3d 1036 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 28 Apr 2000 WorldLII flag
Lino Celle and Radio Mindanao Network USA, Inc , Plaintiffs-Appellees, v Filipino Reporter Enterprises Inc and Libertito Pelayo, Defendants-Appellants 209 F3d 163 United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit United States 12 Apr 2000 WorldLII flag
Raymond Veilleux, Kelly Veilleux and Peter Kennedy, Plaintiffs, Appellees, v National Broadcasting Co, Alan Handel and Fred Francis, Defendants, Appellants Raymond Veilleux, Kelly Veilleux and Peter Kennedy, Plaintiffs, Appellants, v National Broadcasting Co, Alan Handel and Fred Francis, Defendants, Appellees 206 F3d 92 United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit United States 6 Mar 2000 WorldLII flag
Texas Beef Group v Winfrey 201 F3d 680 United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit United States 9 Feb 2000 WorldLII flag
Leonard N Flamm, Esq , Plaintiff-Appellant, v American Association of University Women and the Aauw Legal Advocacy Fund, Defendants-Appellees 201 F3d 144 United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit United States 4 Jan 2000 WorldLII flag
Ida Maxwell Wells, Plaintiff-Appellant, v G Gordon Liddy, Defendant-Appellee, Phillip MacKin Bailley, Movant 186 F3d 505 United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit United States 28 Jul 1999 WorldLII flag
Rockwood Bank v M Gaia 170 F3d 833; 14 IER Cases 1647 United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit United States 24 Jun 1999 WorldLII flag
Gilbrook v City of Westminster 177 F3d 839; 15 IER Cases 200 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 21 May 1999 WorldLII flag
Jefferson County School District No R-1 v Moody's Investor's Services Inc 175 F3d 848 United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit United States 4 May 1999 WorldLII flag
Lee v Bankers Trust Co 166 F3d 540; 14 IER Cases 1389 United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit United States 10 Feb 1999 WorldLII flag
Sullivan v P Conway 157 F3d 1092; 136 Lab Cas 10,253 United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit United States 16 Nov 1998 WorldLII flag
Biospherics Incorporated v Forbes Incorporated 151 F3d 180; 26 Media LRep 2114 United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit United States 11 Aug 1998 WorldLII flag
Dodds v American Broadcasting Co Inc 145 F3d 1053; 26 Media LRep 1705 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 27 May 1998 WorldLII flag
Levinsky's Inc v Wal-Mart Stores Inc 127 F3d 122; 26 Media LRep 1161 United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit United States 26 Sep 1997 WorldLII flag
Burch v Coca-Cola Co 119 F3d 305 United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit United States 30 Jul 1997 WorldLII flag
Levin v McPhee 119 F3d 189; 25 Media LRep 1946 United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit United States 17 Jul 1997 WorldLII flag
James Milsap v Journal/sentinel Inc 100 F3d 1265 United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit United States 15 Nov 1996 WorldLII flag
Lundell Manufacturing Co Inc v American Broadcasting Companies Inc 98 F3d 351; 25 Media LRep 1001; 65 USLW 2266 United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit United States 15 Oct 1996 WorldLII flag
Pope v Chronicle Publishing Co 95 F3d 607; 24 Media LRep 2384 United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit United States 10 Sep 1996 WorldLII flag
Hayhurst v Beyrle [1996] USCA10 869 United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit United States 25 Jun 1996 WorldLII flag
Toney v Wcco Television Midwest Cable and Satellite Inc Wcco Tv Iowcco Tv 85 F3d 383; 24 Media LRep 1993 United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit United States 7 Jun 1996 WorldLII flag
Washington v C Smith 80 F3d 555; 108 Ed Law Rep 499; 317 USApp DC 79 United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit United States - District of Columbia 12 Apr 1996 WorldLII flag
Dilworth v Dudley G J 75 F3d 307; 24 Media LRep 1542 United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit United States 18 Mar 1996 WorldLII flag
Conkle v Jeong 73 F3d 909 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 27 Dec 1995 WorldLII flag
In re Palmisano 70 F3d 483 United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit United States 5 Dec 1995 WorldLII flag
Underwager v Channel Australia 69 F3d 361; 24 Media LRep 1039 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 31 Oct 1995 WorldLII flag
Groden v Random House, Inc 61 F3d 1045 United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit United States 28 Jul 1995 WorldLII flag
Peterson v Advertiser Newspapers Ltd [1995] SASC 5018; (1995) 64 SASR 152; (1995) 127 FLR 186; [1995] Aust Torts Reports 81-366 Supreme Court of South Australia Australia - South Australia 29 Jun 1995 AustLII flag
Partington v T Bugliosi 56 F3d 1147; 23 Media LRep 1929 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 7 Jun 1995 WorldLII flag
Fender v City of Oregon City [1994] USCA9 3635 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 16 Nov 1994 WorldLII flag
Beverly Hills Foodland Inc v United Food and Commercial Workers Union Local 39 F3d 191; 129 Lab Cas 11,211 United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit United States 27 Oct 1994 WorldLII flag
Foretich 37 F3d 1541; 22 Media LRep 2353; 63 USLW 2292 United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit United States 17 Oct 1994 WorldLII flag
Moldea v New York Times Co 22 F3d 310; 22 Media LRep 1673; 62 USLW 2684; 306 USApp DC 1 United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit United States - District of Columbia 3 May 1994 WorldLII flag
Feldman v Bahn 12 F3d 730; 88 Ed Law Rep 68 United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit United States 9 Mar 1994 WorldLII flag
Moldea v New York Times Co 15 F3d 1137; 22 Media LRep 1321; 62 USLW 2526; 304 USApp DC 406 United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit United States - District of Columbia 18 Feb 1994 WorldLII flag
Haynes v Alfred A Knopf, Inc 8 F3d 1222; 21 Media LRep 2161 United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit United States 17 Dec 1993 WorldLII flag
Chapin v Knight-Ridder, Inc 993 F2d 1087; 21 Media LRep 1449 United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit United States 19 May 1993 WorldLII flag
Swengler v Itt Corporation Electro-Optical Products Division Swengler 993 F2d 1063; 125 Lab Cas 57,350 United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit United States 6 May 1993 WorldLII flag
Lapkoff v Wilks 969 F2d 78; 122 Lab Cas 57,049 United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit United States 21 Jul 1992 WorldLII flag
RA v v City of St Paul 505 US 377; 120 L Ed 2d 305; 12 SCt 2538; 112 SCt 2538; (1992) 386 Wright 2000-2001 United States Supreme Court United States - Tennessee 22 Jun 1992 WorldLII flag
Jones v American Broadcasting Companies Inc 961 F2d 1546 United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit United States 5 Jun 1992 WorldLII flag
Virginia Bankshares, Inc v Sandberg 501 US 1083; 115 L Ed 2d 929; 111 SCt 2749 United States Supreme Court United States 27 Jun 1991 WorldLII flag
Masson v New Yorker Magazine, Inc 501 US 496; 115 L Ed 2d 447; 111 SCt 2419 United States Supreme Court United States 20 Jun 1991 WorldLII flag
Melton v City of Oklahoma City 928 F2d 920 United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit United States 19 Mar 1991 WorldLII flag
Reuber v Food Chemical News Inc 925 F2d 703; 18 Media LRep 1689; 59 USLW 2504 United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit United States 27 Feb 1991 WorldLII flag
White v Fraternal Order of Police 909 F2d 512; 17 Media LRep 2137; 285 USApp DC 273 United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit United States - District of Columbia 19 Sep 1990 WorldLII flag
Unelko Corporation v Rooney Cbs 912 F2d 1049; 17 Media LRep 2317 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 24 Aug 1990 WorldLII flag
Scott v C Flowers 910 F2d 201; 108 ALRFed 91 United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit United States 20 Aug 1990 WorldLII flag

Law Journal Articles Referring to this Case

Journal Article Title Citation(s) Author Jurisdiction Date †  Full Text Citation Index
"Law's Expressive Value in Combating Cyber Gender Harassment" (2009) 108 Michigan Law Review 373 Citron, Danielle Keats United States 1 Jan 2009 WorldLII flag
"Quantitative Proof of Reputational Harm" [2009] UNSWLRS 25 De Villiers, Meiring Australia circa 2009 AustLII flag
"Opinionated Software" [2007] UNSWLRS 26 De Villiers, Meiring Australia circa 2007 AustLII flag
Freedom of Imagination: Copyright's Constitutionality (2002) 112 Yale Law Journal 1 Rubenfeld, Jed United States 1 Jan 2002 WorldLII flag
"Legal Pitfalls in Cyberspace: Defamation on Computer Networks" [1994] JlLawInfoSci 12 Arnold-Moore, Timothy Australia circa 1994 AustLII flag

Legislation Cited

Legislation Name Provision
First Amendment
Constitution

Cases and Articles Cited

Case Name Citation(s) Court Jurisdiction Date †  Full Text Citation Index
Harte-Hanks Communications, Inc v Connaughton 491 US 657; 105 L Ed 2d 562; 109 SCt 2678 United States Supreme Court United States 22 Jun 1989 WorldLII flag
Hustler Magazine, Inc v Falwell 485 US 46; 99 L Ed 2d 41; 108 SCt 876 United States Supreme Court United States 24 Feb 1988 WorldLII flag
Dist 1988); Stewart v Chicago Title Insurance Co United States - Illinois circa 1988 flag
Potomac Valve & Fitting, Inc v Crawford Fitting Co 829 F2d 1280 United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit United States 24 Sep 1987 WorldLII flag
Philadelphia Newspapers, Inc v Hepps 475 US 767; 89 L Ed 2d 783; 106 SCt 1558 United States Supreme Court United States 21 Apr 1986 WorldLII flag
Janklow v Newsweek Inc 788 F2d 1300; 11 Media LRep 1995; 54 USLW 2526 United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit United States 10 Apr 1986 WorldLII flag
Lorain Journal Co v Milkovich 474 US 953; 106 SCt 321; 88 L Ed 2d 304 United States Supreme Court United States 4 Nov 1985 WorldLII flag
Ollman v Evans 471 US 1127; 86 L Ed 2d 278; 105 SCt 2662 United States Supreme Court United States 28 May 1985 WorldLII flag
Mr Chow of New York v Ste Jour Azur Sa 759 F2d 219; 11 Media LRep 1713 United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit United States 28 Mar 1985 WorldLII flag
Ollman v Evans 750 F2d 970; 11 Media LRep 1433; 22 Ed Law Rep 21; 53 USLW 2313; 242 USApp DC 301 United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit United States 6 Dec 1984 WorldLII flag
Bose Corporation v Consumers Union of United States, Inc 466 US 485; 80 L Ed 2d 502; 104 SCt 1949 United States Supreme Court United States 30 Apr 1984 WorldLII flag
Michigan v Long 463 US 1032; 77 L Ed 2d 1201; 103 SCt 3469 United States Supreme Court United States 6 Jul 1983 WorldLII flag
Lorain Journal Co v Milkovich 449 US 966; 66 L Ed 2d 232; 101 SCt 380 United States Supreme Court United States 3 Nov 1980 WorldLII flag
Cianci v New Times Publishing Co 639 F2d 54; 6 Media LRep 2145 United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit United States 27 Oct 1980 WorldLII flag
Information Control Corporation v Genesis One Computer Corporation 611 F2d 781 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 15 Jan 1980 WorldLII flag
Edwards v National Audubon Society, Inc 556 F2d 113; 2 Media LRep 1849 United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit United States 25 May 1977 WorldLII flag
Letter Carriers v Austin 418 US 264; 41 L Ed 2d 745; 94 SCt 2770 United States Supreme Court United States 25 Jun 1974 WorldLII flag
Gertz v Robert Welch, Inc 418 US 323; 41 L Ed 2d 789; 94 SCt 2997 United States Supreme Court United States 25 Jun 1974 WorldLII flag
Rosenbloom v Metromedia, Inc 403 US 29; 29 L Ed 2d 296; 91 SCt 1811 United States Supreme Court United States 7 Jun 1971 WorldLII flag
Monitor Patriot Co v Roy 401 US 265; 28 L Ed 2d 35; 91 SCt 621 United States Supreme Court United States 24 Feb 1971 WorldLII flag
Greenbelt Cooperative Publishing Ass'n v Bresler 397 US 1038; 398 US 6; 26 L Ed 2d 6; 90 SCt 1537 United States Supreme Court United States 18 May 1970 WorldLII flag
Curtis Publishing Co v Butts 388 US 130; 18 L Ed 2d 1094; 87 SCt 1975 United States Supreme Court United States 9 Oct 1967 WorldLII flag
Rosenblatt v Baer 383 US 75; 15 L Ed 2d 597; 86 SCt 669; 15 L Ed 597 United States Supreme Court United States 21 Feb 1966 WorldLII flag
New York Times Co v Sullivan 376 US 254; 95 ALR 2d 1412; 11 L Ed 686; 11 L Ed 2d 686; 84 SCt 710 United States Supreme Court United States 9 Mar 1964 WorldLII flag
Naacp v Button 371 US 415; 9 L Ed 405; 9 L Ed 2d 405; 83 SCt 328 United States Supreme Court United States 14 Jan 1963 WorldLII flag
Baumgartner v United States 322 US 665; 88 L Ed 1525; 64 SCt 1240 United States Supreme Court United States 12 Jun 1944 WorldLII flag
Stromberg v California 283 US 359; 75 L Ed 1117; 51 SCt 532; 75 L Ed 2d 1117 United States Supreme Court United States 18 May 1931 WorldLII flag
Abrams v United States 250 US 616; 63 L Ed 1173; 40 SCt 17 United States Supreme Court United States 10 Nov 1919 WorldLII flag
Towne v Eisner 245 US 425; 245 US 418; 62 L Ed 372; 38 SCt 158 United States Supreme Court United States 7 Jan 1918 WorldLII flag
Popham v Pickburn [1862] EngR 439; 7 H & N 891; 158 ER 730; 31 LJEx 133 Court of Exchequer United Kingdom circa 1862 CommonLII flag
Dunlap v Wayne 716 P2d 842 United States flag
Burns v McGraw-Hill Broadcasting Co 659 P2d 1351 United States flag
545 Ne2d 1320 545 NE2d 1320 United States flag
519 Ne2d 390 519 NE2d 390 United States flag
509 Ne2d 424 509 NE2d 424 United States flag
Scott v News-Herald 496 NE2d 699 United States flag
American Fed'n of Gov't Employees v United States Dep't of Health and Human Servs 493 US 1055; 110 SCt 863; 107 L Ed 2d 947 United States Supreme Court United States Westlaw flag
473 Ne2d 1191 473 NE2d 1191 United States flag
Edwards v New York Times Co 434 US 1002; 54 L Ed 2d 498; 98 SCt 647 United States Supreme Court United States Westlaw flag
416 Ne2d 662 416 NE2d 662 United States flag
National Ass'n of Gov't Employees, Inc v Central Broadcasting Corporation 379 Mass 220; 396 NE2d 996 United States - Massachusetts flag
317 US 678 317 US 678; 87 L Ed 544; 63 SCt 160 United States Supreme Court United States Westlaw flag
Sweeney v Patterson 128 F2d 457; 76 USApp DC 23 United States Westlaw flag
106 SCt 322 106 SCt 322 United States Westlaw flag
Dunlap v Wayne 105 Wash2d 529 United States - Washington flag
88 l Ed 2d 305 88 L Ed 2d 305 United States LexisNexis flag
"Defamation and Privacy under the First Amendment" 76 Columbia Law Review 1205 Columbia Law Review United States HeinOnline / LexisNexis flag
Thomas, Statements of Fact, Statements of Opinion, and the First Amendment 74 CLR 1001 Australia - Commonwealth Legal Online / Westlaw flag
18 UC Davis Law Review 359 18 UC Davis Law Review 359 U.C. Davis Law Review United States HeinOnline / LexisNexis flag
Gregory v McDonnell Douglas Corporation 17 Cal3d 596; 131 Cal Rptr 641; 552 P2d 425 United States - California flag
13 William Mitchell Law Review 545 13 William Mitchell Law Review 545 William Mitchell Law Review United States HeinOnline / LexisNexis flag

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