R v Greenfield [2023] NSWSC 1386 (15 November 2023)

Last Updated: 19 September 2024

Supreme Court New South Wales

Case Name:	R v Greenfield
Medium Neutral Citation:	[2023] NSWSC 1386
Hearing Date(s):	14 November 2023
Date of Orders:	15 November 2023
Decision Date:	15 November 2023
Jurisdiction:	Common Law
Before:	Wilson J
Decision:	Brett Lucas and Shayne Miller are to attend Court on 21 November 2023 to give evidence at a preliminary hearing held in advance of the trial concerning matters identified in these reasons
Legislation Cited:	Coroners Act 2009 (NSW) Crimes Act 2009 (NSW) Criminal Procedure Act 1986 (NSW)
Cases Cited:	HO v R [2023] NSWCCA 245 R v Basha (1989) 39 A Crim R 337 R v Kennedy (1997) 94 A Crim R 341 R v Sandford (1994) 33 NSWLR 172 R v Xie (No. 11) [2014] NSWSC 1977 Richardson v The Queen (1974) 131 CLR 116; [1974] HCA 19
Category:	Procedural rulings
Parties:	Rex (Crown) Stephen Greenfield (Accused)
Representation:	Counsel: G Tabuteau (Crown) I Nash (Accused) Solicitors: Solicitor for Public Prosecutions (NSW) (Crown) AA Criminal Lawyers (Accused)
File Number(s):	2020/326217
Publication Restriction:	Previously restricted to parties pending verdict or other order of the Court.

JUDGMENT

1. The accused, Stephen Greenfield, stands indicted for that he, on a day between 16 September 2015 and 21 September 2015, at Bathurst in this State, did murder Reginald Mullaly. He was arraigned upon that charge on 5 May 2023 and entered a plea of not guilty. His trial is fixed to commence on 20 May 2024, in Bathurst. It is estimated to require 8 to 10 weeks of hearing time.
2. The accused has made application to cross-examine seven persons prior to trial, at a pre-trial hearing of the kind ordinarily known as a “Basha Inquiry”. The witnesses (or “requested persons”) are:

(1) Shayne Miller

(2) Zac Forbes (or Nancarrow)

(3) Nicole Fawns

(4) Brett Lucas

(5) Simon Hearne

(6) Glen Merz, and

(7) Link Frame.

3. Five of these persons - Miller, Forbes/Nancarrow, Fawns, Frame and Lucas - have been nominated by the Crown as witnesses to be called in its case at trial. Glen Merz has given a statement to investigating police but has not been nominated as a Crown witness. He will be called by the Crown at the trial or, at least, made available to the accused should the accused require him as a witness. Mr Hearne has not made a statement and is not understood to be a Crown witness.
4. The accused contends that, in the absence of pre-trial cross-examination to explore the evidence that each witness can give on particular topics, he will be impermissibly prejudiced at trial. To understand the argument, it is useful to give some brief details of the circumstances of Mr Mullaly’s death before turning to the accounts of or by the persons the subject of the application.
5. Mr Mullaly lived in the Bathurst area, although he did not have a place of residence, instead living on the streets. Aspects of his daily routine were fairly settled, and included regular attendances at a bakery on Howick Street in Bathurst, and travel by taxi. Mr Mullaly visited the bakery at about lunchtime on Wednesday 16 September 2015, and took a taxi the following day to an opportunity shop he regularly visited. The owner of the shop saw him there again on Friday 18 September 2015. The last sighting of Mr Mullaly prior to the discovery of his body may have been made at about 3:15pm on Saturday 19 September 2015, although there is some question as to the accuracy of that observation of him. The time of death is uncertain.
6. On the morning of Sunday 20 September 2015, some acquaintances of the deceased went to the Heritage Dennison Bridge in Bathurst, a location where Mr Mullaly typically made camp in a makeshift shelter, to check on him. Kim Trindall approached Mr Mullaly where he lay in a bundle of bedding and discovered that he was dead. Minutes later she and her companion approached a police officer who was on duty nearby and reported what she had found. Senor Constable Stibbard got to the Bridge at about 10:25am on 20 September 2015 and, on inspecting Mr Mullaly, confirmed that he had died. Mr Mullaly’s wallet with a sum of cash inside was on his body. Inquiries of his bank do not suggest access to Mr Mullaly’s principal account by anyone other than him.
7. A later post-mortem examination determined that Mr Mullaly died from multiple stab wounds, some 11 wounds in total having been inflicted to his right chest and right upper arm. It was thought likely that a non-serrated knife had been used in the stabbing. There was also evidence of blunt force injuries to Mr Mullaly’s face, although these injuries were not fatal. The forensic pathologist later estimated the time of death as between 16 and 20 September 2015. Fly larvae were observed in a chest wound, suggesting some delay between death and the discovery of Mr Mullaly’s body.
8. Much of the application for a Basha inquiry turns upon what witnesses may have known prior to the discovery of the body, or prior to any information having been released publicly as to the cause of death, and whether admissions to criminal conduct have been made.

The Areas of Evidence in Issue

9. A considerable amount of documentary material was filed in support of the application, and marked Ex VD1.1 to Ex VD1.23. The most straightforward means of taking in what evidence witnesses can or may be able to give, as suggested by the material, is by use of a table. Attached to these reasons is a table in which I have briefly summarised the account or accounts the requested persons have given to police or the Coroner, and the accounts others have given of the requested persons. I have not included evidence concerning the accused’s alleged involvement.
10. What follows assumes familiarity with Ex VD1 or the summary table.

Shayne Miller

11. Shayne Miller is the only person, other than the accused, who was expressed to be a person of interest at the coronial inquiry. There is some suggestion from others that he may have been involved in, or knowledgeable of, Mr Mullaly’s murder, and the accused points to Mr Miller as, potentially, the true murderer, whom he should be permitted to question in advance of the trial.
12. The admissible evidence implicating Mr Miller is sparse. As can be seen from the annexed table, Kurtis Petersen, Adell Fuller, Tammy Lysaught and Brett Lucas have all given information that raises a question as to Mr Miller’s involvement. The accused wishes to cross-examine Mr Miller as to the content of conversations referred to by these witnesses, and the circumstances in which they were made.
13. Mr Miller has been interviewed by police on two occasions, 22 September 2015 and 1 August 2016, and he gave a statement to investigators, on 22 November 2015 in which he adopted his first interview as truthful. In that first recorded interview, given after he attended Bathurst Police Station voluntarily with the accused, Mr Miller said that the accused had told him on the previous day (21 September 2015) that the police were looking for him, the accused, for a stabbing or shooting “or something”.
14. Mr Miller was not asked during the interviews with police about the admissions he is said to have made to involvement in Mr Mullaly’s death, as investigators did not yet have that information.

Zac Forbes/Nancarrow

15. Mr Nancarrow has been implicated in Mr Mullaly’s death by Mr Miller’s assertion that Nancarrow confessed to having been present when “Porky” killed Mr Mullaly. Kurtis Petersen’s account points to Mr Nancarrow as having some knowledge of the alleged offence, whilst Adell Fuller’s statement potentially gives rise to an inference as to his involvement in it.
16. Mr Nancarrow gave a statement to police on 3 November 2015 and was called to give evidence at the Coronial Inquiry on 20 November 2018. To the Deputy State Coroner Mr Nancarrow denied any involvement in Mr Mullaly’s death, but the accused wishes to cross-examine him about his movements at about that time, something he does not appear to have been previously asked about.

Nicole Fawns

17. Ms Fawns was involved in a relationship with Mr Miller at the relevant time.
18. Adell Fuller has given an account of an incident involving Ms Fawns, Mr Miller and Mr Nancarrow that might point to involvement in Mr Mullaly’s murder. Kurtis Petersen referred to overhearing others speak of her involvement. Tammy Lysaught says Ms Fawns was present with Mr Miller when Miller was asking Adell Fuller for a knife to pass on to police; she is said to have been aggressive.
19. Ms Fawns was interviewed repeatedly by police, on occasion at her own request. She also gave evidence before the Coronial Inquiry. She was not asked about the accounts of others pointing to her possible knowledge of the circumstances of Mr Mullaly’s death.
20. The accused wishes to cross-examine her as to the content and circumstances of the conversations that are said to amount to admissions.

Brett Lucas

21. Mr Lucas gave a statement to police on 27 July 2022 in which he referred to Mr Miller and Ms Fawns speaking “generally” about Mr Mullaly having been killed for gems and money. In a conversation with Detective Senior Constable (“DSC”) Graham on 23 March 2016 he provided other information that was not included in his statement. To DSC Graham Mr Lucas gave an account of a conversation involving Nicole Fawns in which she implicated two persons, including Zac Nancarrow, in Mr Mullaly’s death. Although it is not clear, she may also have been present with Mr Miller when, according to Mr Lucas’ account to police, reference was made to “planting” the idea of responsibility for the murder in the accused’s head because he was “too drug fucked to know any different”.
22. The accused submits that he is entitled to know by cross-examining the witness if the account Mr Lucas is said to have given to police but not included in his statement has any substance.

Simon Hearne

23. Mr Hearne has not made a statement. Glen Merz told police that Hearne gave him a knife that was supposedly used to kill Mr Mullaly. Another witness known as RS1498010 gave a similar account received from Merz. Police were handed a knife on 8 August 2016 which was subsequently found to have DNA consistent with that of Hearne upon it. There is no evidence that this knife was used to stab Mr Mullaly.
24. The accused wishes to cross-examine Mr Hearne about “evidence exculpatory of the accused”.

Glen Merz

25. Mr Merz is said by some to have acquired a knife that was supposedly used in the attack upon Mr Mullaly. Brett Lucas told DSC Graham that Merz might have had the knife at some point, and RS1498010 gave an account of having been told that Merz caused Simon Hearne to locate a knife connected with the murder.
26. Mr Merz made a statement to police and said he had been given a knife said to be the murder weapon.
27. The accused wishes to cross-examine Mr Merz as to “inconsistencies” between his account of the knife and those given by others, and also as to any knowledge he may have of the involvement of Mr Hearne, Brett Dove, Mitchell Hussey and Luke Booth.

Link Frame

28. According to Shayne Miller, Mr Frame made a “joke” to the effect of “he’s been dead for 48 hours”, in conversation on Sunday 20 September 2015, the day on which Mr Mullaly’s body was discovered. He also seemed to have unusual access to funds at this time.
29. Mr Frame made a short statement to police on 1 September 2022 asserting he had no knowledge of the murder.
30. The accused wishes to cross-examine him as to his movements in the period covered by the indictment.

The Law

31. A “Basha Inquiry” is a now long-familiar process by which a witness may be called in the absence of the jury so that questions can be put to the witness. The nomenclature derives from the decision of R v Basha (1989) 39 A Crim R 337 wherein Hunt J (as his Honour then was) referred to his own practice of permitting a “new witness” to be cross-examined in the absence of the jury. This process was adopted to compensate for the inability of an accused person to test the evidence of any newly emerged witness at an earlier committal hearing.
32. In R v Sandford (1994) 33 NSWLR 172 his Honour, by then Chief Judge at Common Law, responded to some judicial criticism of his description of the questioning of witnesses in the absence of the jury as “a voir dire”, and noted, at 181, the utility of the procedure:

“[...] provided (and these are important provisos) that the accused has demonstrated — in advance — the particular issue which he intends to pursue, that the judge is satisfied that there is at least a serious risk of an unfair trial if the accused is not given the opportunity to do what otherwise would have been done at the committal proceedings, that the procedure is not used inappropriately in order to try out risky questions which may otherwise prove to be embarrassing in the presence of the jury, and provided also that such an examination is not permitted to interrupt the trial itself significantly: cf R v Courtney-Smith (No 2) (1990) 48 A Crim R 49 at 59-60.

The onus lies upon the accused in such cases to demonstrate that the disadvantage or prejudice which he would otherwise suffer during the course of the trial is in a relevant sense unacceptable, to the extent that the trial would be unfair: Barron v Attorney-General for New South Wales; R v Basha.”

33. Both Basha and Sandford were decided in an environment where committal hearings were routinely conducted in the Local Court, with accused persons having an opportunity to cross-examine Crown witnesses. The process that came to be referred to as a “Basha inquiry” was intended to supplement the committal proceedings. The procedure is not, however, strictly confined to instances when a witness who should have been examined at committal could not be tested before the Local Court for some reason. Basha inquiries continue to be held relatively regularly in the criminal trial courts, even though full committal hearings are a rarity under the current statutory scheme. Frequently, the procedure will involve no more than a few questions on some specific topic asked of a witness in the course of the trial, at a time when the jury has been sent out. The intent in such instances is not ordinarily for a course of cross-examination of the type formerly seen at full committal hearings.
34. The conduct of committal proceedings is now governed by Part 2 of Chapter 3 of the Criminal Procedure Act 1986 (NSW); s 82 empowers a magistrate to direct a witness who is not referred to in s 83 or s 84 to attend at committal, but only “if satisfied that there are substantial reasons why, in the interests of justice, the witness should attend to give oral evidence”. The attendance of witnesses at committal is now the exception rather than the rule, as it was in the nineteen eighties and early nineteen nineties.
35. Although it is by no means certain that the accused would have secured an order for the attendance of the requested witnesses at any committal had he made application for an order pursuant to s 82, or successfully applied for a witness to be called at the coronial inquiry pursuant to s. 60 of the Crimes Act 2009 (NSW) that does not necessarily prevent the trial court from permitting a Basha inquiry to proceed. The test is that given in Basha and Sandford: that there is a serious risk of an unfair trial if the accused is denied the opportunity to cross-examine the nominated witnesses. See also R v Xie (No. 11) [2014] NSWSC 1977 and R v Kennedy (1997) 94 A Crim R 341.

Submissions

36. Principally due to the pressure of time, I do not propose to set out the submissions of the parties in full. What follows is the briefest of summaries.
37. The accused submits that he is entitled to know what the requested persons would say as to their involvement in or knowledge of Mr Mullaly’s death, and to do so with sufficient time to allow him to investigate anything of apparent significance that might emerge from the Basha inquiry. Absent that, and particularly the time before trial to investigate matters that might emerge in evidence, he contends that he is prejudiced, and his trial will be impermissibly unfair.
38. The Crown argues that the accused already has a considerable amount of information concerning the possible involvement of others in the death of Mr Mullaly that he will be able to test at trial, and there is no occasion for a separate and wide-ranging inquiry that would amount to an investigation into the circumstances of death. The Crown points to the volume of information already known to the accused, through the extended police investigation into Mr Mullaly’s murder, and the coronial inquiry that followed.

Consideration

39. The bar in satisfying the Court that a Basha inquiry is necessary is quite a high one. It is not enough that the questions intended to be directed to witnesses at any Basha procedure might produce embarrassing or unhelpful answers. It is not enough that an accused person would like to have more information than is currently available through witness statements or depositions. A Basha inquiry cannot be used as a substitute for any perceived inadequacies in the police investigation or for a committal examination that is no longer permitted to an accused. An inquiry may only be permitted where the failure to allow the questioning of witnesses could so prejudice the accused as to lead to his or her trial being unfair.
40. For all but two of the requested persons that high bar has not been met by the accused.
41. The most straightforward application to address is that for the attendance of Simon Hearne at a Basha inquiry. Mr Hearne has never made a statement to police and claims to have no knowledge of the circumstances surrounding Mr Mullaly’s death. The only basis to think that he may have some knowledge notwithstanding is hearsay and gossip.
42. The Crown does not intend to call Mr Hearne at trial and, even if it appeared that he may have had admissible evidence to give, the fact that he is not a Crown witness is effectively an end to the matter, there being no suggestion that the accused plans to call him as a witness. The Court has no power to direct the Crown as to the witnesses to be called in its case: Richardson v The Queen (1974) 131 CLR 116; [1974] HCA 19; HO v R [2023] NSWCCA 245.
43. Even had the Court had the power to direct the Crown to call Mr Hearne I would not have done so. Even Mr Merz, who provides the most thorough account of Mr Hearne as a person who may possess relevant knowledge, does not suggest that Mr Hearne had first-hand knowledge. It is speculation based on gossip to suggest Mr Hearne might be a witness with admissible evidence to give.
44. The position is not greatly different with respect to Nicole Fawns, Glen Merz, and Link Frame.
45. Having regard to her acknowledged heavy use of prohibited drugs at the relevant time, Nicole Fawns has given what might be regarded as detailed accounts of her movement and the movements of others, and answered to the asserted extent of her impaired memory questions concerning her own involvement. There is a wealth of material to put to her in cross-examination at trial through which to impugn her credit. To deny the accused the opportunity to question her about the assertions of others concerning her conduct will not prejudice the accused’s trial; questions of that nature can be put and potentially with good effect. There is no compelling reason to allow what would be no more than a “test run” of the procedure in the absence of the jury.
46. The information Glen Merz has, even taking his statement at its highest, appears to be no more than gossip. He was given a knife and told certain things about the knife, but not by any person said to have actual knowledge of the use to which the knife was put, or who admitted to involvement in Mr Mullaly’s murder or its aftermath. Inconsistencies in the re-telling of rumours among drug users, or from an anonymous informant, is to be expected; it does not amount to a legitimate line of forensic inquiry admissible at trial. Neither does the mention of names of persons who might have some peripheral knowledge of matters connected with a knife asserted to have been used in the murder of Mr Mullaly amount to a basis for a Basha inquiry. If a question that might elicit admissible evidence of a witness with first-hand knowledge of a relevant matter can be crafted, it can be put at trial. There is insufficient information to permit what would amount to an investigation into a possible role in Mr Mullaly’s death by Mr Hearne, Brett Dove, Mitchell Hussey, or Luke Booth. It is not the role of a trial court to investigate crime.
47. Link Frame has made a statement in which he said that he had no knowledge of Mr Mullaly’s murder. The most that ties him to some knowledge is a “joke” Mr Miller says Mr Frame made on the day on which Mr Mullaly’s body was found. The evidence of his possession of unexpected assets on 20 September 2015 appears unconnected with Mr Mullaly since there is no evidence of robbery, despite the rumours about Mr Mullaly’s possession of gemstones and the like. There is no admissible evidence that does more than place Mr Frame as one of a group of drug addled individuals speculating and gossiping about a local crime in which some members of the group, including the accused, may have had some involvement. Any questions seeking to elicit admissible evidence can be asked at trial.
48. Zac Nancarrow has provided accounts to police and the Coroner of his knowledge of events surrounding Mr Mullaly’s death; he has denied any involvement. Whilst there is evidence capable of raising the reasonable possibility of his involvement in the crime, the accused is on notice of that information and is well placed to make forensic use of it at trial.
49. The area of questioning for any inquiry would be directed to Mr Nancarrow’s movements during the period of time covered by the indictment. Information from the witness about his own movements is available in his evidence to the coronial inquiry. The evidence is scattered and unsatisfactory, but that may be no more then the consequences of his heavy drug use at the time. It is, at best, speculative to expect to obtain any better details from him in cross-examination more than eight years after the event. If Mr Nancarrow was so drug affected as to be unable, in 2018, when under examination in a Coroner’s Court where the rules and niceties of evidence do not apply, to remember even the day on which Mr Mullaly’s body was found, it is most unlikely he will be able to add anything eight years after the event. I can see no prejudice in not allowing him to be questioned in the absence of any jury.
50. The two witnesses where the Court can see a risk of some prejudice to the accused in the absence of pre-trial questioning are Brett Lucas and Shayne Miller.
51. Mr Lucas appears to have given considerably more information to DSC Graham in conversation on 23 March 2016 than he provided in his formal statement of 27 July 2022. It is not clear why that is. One of the potentially critical pieces of information to the conduct of the accused’s case that is not in Mr Lucas’ statement is that concerning a discussion of “planting” an idea in the accused’s consciousness that it was he who was responsible for Mr Mullaly’s murder. This information, if it should prove to be first-hand knowledge of a plan to cause the accused to falsely believe himself guilty of murder, could be vital to address evidence of admissions and inculpatory conduct by the accused, potentially raising a doubt as to its reliability. The accused should have the opportunity to question Mr Lucas as to what he said to DSC Graham on this subject, the source of his knowledge of it, the details of any conversation including the speakers and words used together with those present, and why it was not included in his statement.
52. The Court will permit Mr Lucas to be questioned at a Basha inquiry concerning those limited areas.
53. Mr Miller was the second person, additional to the accused, who was referred to the Director of Public Prosecutions by the Deputy State Coroner at the conclusion of the Coronial proceedings as a known person against whom a jury might return a guilty verdict for an indictable offence, pursuant to s 78 of the Coroners Act 2009 (NSW). Although Mr Miller was questioned in a rigorous way by investigating police, he was not asked directly about the admissions or inferred admissions he is said by Kurtis Petersen, Tammy Lysaught, and Adell Fuller to have made. Whilst Adell Fuller’s evidence is not evidence of an admission made by Mr Miller to the murder of Mr Mullaly or to involvement in it, what Mr Petersen asserts he heard can be regarded as such. Ms Lysaught’s account also points to an admission, if an equivocal one. Ms Fuller’s observations might be regarded as those of highly suspicious activity concerning which the accused should be able to question Mr Miller, sufficiently in advance of the trial to permit investigation of any relevant responses.
54. Further, the asserted statements by Mr Lucas as to Mr Miller’s presence when “it was discussed” that the accused’s guilt would be “planted” in his mind is a topic of sufficient importance that, subject to anything Mr Lucas might say if called before Mr Miller, could produce unfairness if the accused was denied the opportunity of examining Mr Miller about it.
55. Accordingly, the Court will permit Mr Miller to be questioned prior to trial as to the following matters:

(1) The assertions in the statement of Adell Fuller of 1 July 2022 concerning Mr Miller’s supposed attendance at her home with Mr Nancarrow and Ms Fawns, when Ms Fawns had blood on her skirt and Mr Nancarrow boiled a knife.

(2) The assertions made by Kurtis Petersen in his interview on 3 October 2015 as to Mr Miller speaking to Mr Nancarrow in a separate room about “stabbing a guy” at a house and then driving the man to the bridge, including any involvement by Nicole Fawns.

(3) The account of Tammy Lysaught in her statement of 21 October 2015 in which Mr Miller purportedly said, “I’m fucked anyway, they know I did it”.

(4) Subject to what falls from any prior questioning of Brett Lucas, the account he gave to DSC Graham of Mr Miller having knowledge of an idea to “plant” the belief in the accused’s mind of his responsibility for the murder.

CONCLUSION

56. Brett Lucas and Shayne Miller are to attend Court on 21 November 2023 to give evidence at a preliminary hearing held in advance of the trial concerning matters identified in these reasons.

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Annexure to Reasons

Witness	What Witness has Said	What Others say of Witness	Proposed Area of Inquiry
Shayne Miller	ERISP of 22 September 2015: Attended police station with accused Q&A113 Others were saying accused stabbed or shot someone (also Q&A277-278; 369; 389) Outlines movements from Thursday 17.9.2015 to 22.9.2015 Accused with witness for a week and a half before 22.9.2015 Statement 22 September 2015: Produces ERISP of same day ERISP of 1 August 2016: Was “pretty fried out” in September 2015 (Q&A46) Gives movements from Thursday 17.9.2015 including picking up accused from Bloomfield on Friday 18.9.2015 Not involved in the murder and did not pick murderer up afterwards (Q&A 386ff) Four days before the police tape was on the Bridge accused was talking about stabbing someone (Q&A446ff; 529ff) 13 times (Q&A457)	Adell Fuller (Statement 1 July 2022) About 7 years ago Nikki Fawns, Shayne Miller and Zac Nancarrow came to my place. Nikki had blood on skirt – could tell blood from assault Zac was boiling a knife in a pot on my stovetop Accused them of killing deceased – denied Brett Lucas (Statement 27 July 2022) Within a week of Reg’s death Nicole Fawns, accused and Shayne Miller were at Mosey’s house talking generally about how Reg was killed for his gems and money Nicole Fawns said later Shayne came home with blood on him Kurtis Petersen RS1441381 (ERISP of 3.10.2015) Information given after arrested for DV offences With Shayne, Zac and Nikki at premises in Boyd Street, they were bagging jewellery to swap for drugs Shayne and Zac went into another room and heard Shayne say about stabbing a guy. Nikki went before and was trying to get money out of the guy, and then Shayne stabbed him (Q&A160) He killed him at the house and then drove him to the bridge (Q&A163; 167) He said the same thing in front of Tammy Lysaught and Adell Fuller the night before (Q&A177ff) Understood accused didn’t do it but might have been in their company (Q&A199) Tammy Lysaught RS1520967 Statement of 21 October 2015 At Adell’s at Webb Street on 30.9.2015. Shayne there asking Adell for the knife so he could give it to police and prove he didn’t do it. Then said, “I’m fucked anyway, they know I did it” “But I did it” On 7 October 2015 Nikki said Shayne did it and was blaming accused Vanessa Strong (Coronial evidence 20.11.18) Shayne picked up accused from her house on the day he washed himself with bleach (T21) Never saw or spoke to Shayne T32 Zac Forbes/Nancarrow (Coronial Evidence 21.11.18) Heard from Shayne and accused about someone murdered under bridge T2 They’d seen the blue covering T3 Did not hear any conversation from accused in presence of Nicole Fawn re body under bridge before event T8 Brett Lucas in conversation with DSC Graham 23 March 2016 Early in 2016 at home of Adell Fuller (Webb St) with her and Nicole Fawns. Miller present later when “it was discussed that the idea had been planted in [accused’s] mind that he murdered [deceased] as he was too drug fucked to know any different”	Content of admissions made to Kurtis Petersen, Adell Fuller, Tammy Lysaught & Brett Lucas Circumstances in which conversations held
Zac Forbes (Nancarrow)	Statement of 3 November 2015: Met accused before body found. Couple of days after, before body found, he said “you might find a body under a bridge in a couple of days” Coronial evidence 20 November 2018: Met accused 2014/2015 p.40 Using a lot of ice, whatever drugs could get around that time p.41 Accused said something about finding a guy under a bridge. Don’t know what day it was p.45 Neither Miller nor me killed the bloke p.49 Denies hearing Miller confess to the stabbing p.49; 53 Accused fascinated with knives p.51 Denies selling knife to Glen Merx as murder weapon p.55	Shayne Miller (ERSP 1.8.2015) Zac told me (when both in gaol) that Porky done it while him and Link were there (Q&A393) Adell Fuller (Statement 1 July 2022) About 7 years ago Nikki Fawns, Shayne Miller and Zac Nancarrow came to my place. Nikki had blood on skirt – could tell blood from assault Zac was boiling a knife in a pot on my stovetop Accused them of killing deceased – denied Kurtis Petersen RS1441381 (ERISP of 3.10.2015) Information given after arrested for DV offences With Shayne, Zac and Nikki, they were bagging jewellery to swap for drugs Shayne and Zac went into another room and heard Shayne say about stabbing a guy. Nikki went before and was trying to get money out of the guy, and then Shayne stabbed him (Q&A160) Janine Mitchell RS1498010 (Statement 3 August 2022) Have been told that Merz asked Shayne Hearne to locate a knife hidden in a chimney at Brett Dove’s house. Heard that the knife belonged to Zac Nancarrow	Account of his movements at time
Nicole Fawns	ERISP 25 September 2015: Accused told me the night before the body was found about an old man stabbed under a bridge, and may have been stabbed 13 times (Q&A5; 22) Conversation occurred in Raymond Sharpley’s bedroom (Mosey) (Q&A8) I was pretty scattered (Q&A63) Shayne didn’t pick accused up from Bloomfield (Q&A93) Accused has a lot of knives (Q&A111); carries 2 or 3 in his bag (Q&A118) We swapped knives & I thought his knife had blood on it (Q&A122); he took it back (Q&A123) Can’t remember when he gave me the knife (Q&A128) ERISP 16 August 2016: Accused told me 2 days before man’s body was found that there was gunna be an old man found stabbed to death under a bridge (Q&A11; 385ff) Everyone was off their heads and he said it (Q&A22) Refers to gossip On the day the body was found accused said police wanted to talk to him about a murder (Q&A435) ERISP 7 October 2016: Brother Stephen got out of gaol and Tyson told me that Stephen told him that he, Shayne and Zac killed deceased (Q&A21) Tyson (13years) had been on the pipe (Q&A31) Shayne denies it At Adele’s when Shayne was in another room and I heard his voice say “I’m fucked anyway, they know I did it” (Q&A60; 69) I was off my head (Q&A65) He said later it was a conversation about stealing petrol (Q&A69) Coronial evidence 21.11.2018: Accused said old man’s body would be found and then it was p.49; 50; 64 Said it 2 days before body found p.49 We were all on a lot of drugs p.50	Shayne Miller (ERISP 22.9.2015) said Nicki came home (probably) Sunday afternoon really “sketchy” and wanted to leave town (Q&A338) (ERISP 1.8.2015) I don’t think she’s got anything to do with it Adell Fuller (Statement 1 July 2022) About 7 years ago Nikki Fawns, Shayne Miller and Zac Nancarrow came to my place. Nikki had blood on skirt – could tell blood was from assault; not menstrual or animal Nikki asked for bleach to clean her skirt Zac was boiling a knife in a pot on my stovetop Accused them of killing deceased – denied Brett Lucas (Statement 27 July 2022) Within a week of Reg’s death Nicole Fawns, accused and Shayne Miller were at Mosey’s house talking generally about how Reg was killed for his gems and money Nicole Fawns said later Shayne came home with blood on him Kurtis Petersen RS1441381 (ERISP of 3.10.2015) Information given after arrested for DV offences With Shayne, Zac and Nikki, they were bagging jewellery to swap for drugs Shayne and Zac went into another room and heard Shayne say about stabbing a guy. Nikki went before and was trying to get money out of the guy, and then Shayne stabbed him (Q&A160) Tammy Lysaught RS1520967 Statement of 21 October 2015 At Adell’s at Webb Street on 30.9.2015. Shayne there asking Adell for the knife so he could give it to police. Nikki aggressive and asking Adell to help us out. On 7 October 2015 Nikki said Shayne did it and was blaming accused Brett Lucas in conversation with DSC Graham 23 March 2016 Early in 2016 at home of Adell Fuller (Webb St) with her and Nicole Fawns where conversation in relation to Stephen Fawns and Zac Nancarrow having murdered [deceased] by stabbing him multiple times” Nicole Fawns distanced herself from involvement Miller present later when “it was discussed that the idea had been planted in [accused’s] mind that he murdered [deceased] as he was too drug fucked to know any different”	Content of admissions made to others Circumstances in which conversations held
Brett Lucas	Statement 27 July 2022 Within a week of Reg’s death Nicole Fawns, accused and Shayne Miller were at Mosey’s house talking generally about how Reg was killed for his gems and money Nicole Fawns said later Shayne came home with blood on him Using ice heavily at the time Conversation with DSC Graham 23 March 2016 Early in 2016 at home of Adell Fuller (Webb St) with her and Nicole Fawns where conversation in relation to Stephen Fawns and Zac nancarrow having murdered [deceased] by stabbing him multiple times” Nicole Fawns distanced herself from involvement Miller present later when “it was discussed that the idea had been planted in [accused’s] mind that he murdered [deceased] as he was too drug fucked to know any different”		Questions as to observations of Miller, accused and N Fawns and alleged admissions Reference to accused being set up as too drug fucked to know differently
Simon Hearne Not a Crown witness	Refused to make a statement Told police on 15 September 2022 that he had no knowledge of murder	Glen Merz (Statement ?? July 2022) Hearne gave me a knife he said was used in the murder the year before RS1498010 (Statement 3 August 2022) Have been told that Merz asked Shayne Hearne to locate a knife hidden in a chimney at Brett Dove’s house. Heard that the knife belonged to Zac Nancarrow DSC Graham received knife from Mitchell Hussey that had Hearne’s DNA on it	Circumstances of his DNA on knife linked to murder weapon
Glen Merz Crown will produce at trial if required	Statement July 2022 First page partly illegible Simon Hearne and Luke Booth gave me a knife used to murder the old bloke under the bridge the year before Hearne told witness that Zac Nancarrow, Nicole Fawns and Shayne Miller committed the murder	Zac Forbes (Coronial evidence 20.11.2018) Denies selling knife to Glen Merz as murder weapon p.55 Nicole Fawn (ERISP 16.8.2016): I sold gemstones to Glen Merz (Q&A328) RS1498010 (Statement 3 August 2022) Have been told that Merz asked Shayne Hearne to locate a knife hidden in a chimney at Brett Dove’s house Brett Lucas in conversation with DSC Graham 23 March 2016 Said murder weapon hidden in chimney at Brett Dove’s for a while; Merz might have it now	Inconsistencies concerning knife story Role of Hearne, Brett Dove, Mitchell Hussey and Luke Booth
Link Frame	Statement 1 September 2022: Have no knowledge of murder	Shayne Miller (ERISP 1.8.16) A joke made at the time was that Link said on the Sunday “who cares, he’s been dead for 48 hours” (Q&A47; 150-3) Link shouted everyone (ice and coke) on Sunday Zac [Nancarrow] told me Porky and Link were there (Q&A197) Link borrowed my car late Saturday night to early Sunday morning (Q&A603) Link had a fair bit of money around that time (Q&A665)	Whereabouts and movements at the relevant time