Commonwealth Numbered Acts

PROCEEDS OF CRIME ACT 1987 No. 87, 1987 - SECT 27

27. (1) In this section:

"offence period", in relation to an application under subsection 14 (1) made
in relation to 2 or more offences, means the period commencing when the
earlier or earliest of those offences was committed and ending when the later
or latest of those offences was committed.

(2) For the purposes of an application for a pecuniary penalty order against
a person (in this subsection called the "defendant"), the value of the
benefits derived by the defendant from the commission of an offence or
offences shall be assessed by the court having regard to the evidence before
it concerning all or any of the following:

   (a)  the money, or the value of the property other than money, that came
        into the possession or under the control of:

        (i)    the defendant; or

        (ii)   another person at the request or direction of the defendant;
by reason of the commission of the offence or any of the offences;

   (b)  the value of any other benefit provided to:

        (i)    the defendant; or

        (ii)   another person at the request or direction of the defendant;
by reason of the commission of the offence or any of the offences;

   (c)  if the offence or any of the offences consisted of the doing of an act
        or thing in relation to a narcotic substance:

        (i)    the market value, at the time of the offence, of similar or
               substantially similar narcotic substances; and

        (ii)   the amount that was, or the range of amounts that were,
               ordinarily paid for the doing of a similar or substantially
               similar act or thing;

   (d)  the value of the defendant's property:

        (i)    where the application relates to a single offence-before and
               after the commission of the offence; or

        (ii)   where the application relates to 2 or more offences-before,
               during and after the offence period;

   (e)  the defendant's income and expenditure:

        (i)    where the application relates to a single offence-before and
               after the commission of the offence; or

        (ii)   where the application relates to 2 or more offences-before,
               during and after the offence period.

(3) The court, in quantifying the value of a benefit for the purposes of this
section, may treat as the value of the benefit the value that the benefit
would have had if derived at the time when the valuation is being made and,
without limiting the generality of this, may have regard to any decline in the
purchasing power of money between the time when the benefit was derived and
the time when the valuation is being made.

(4) Where an application is made for a pecuniary penalty order against a
person in respect of a single ordinary indictable offence, the following
provisions have effect:

   (a)  if, at the hearing of the application, evidence is given that the
        value of the person's property after the commission of the offence
        exceeded the value of the person's property before the commission of
        the offence, then, for the purposes of subsection 26 (1), the court
        shall, subject to paragraphs (b) and (c) and subsection (7), treat the
        value of the benefits derived by the person from the commission of the
        offence as being not less than the amount of the excess;

   (b)  if, after evidence of the kind referred to in paragraph (a) is given,
        the person satisfies the court that the whole of the excess was due to
        causes unrelated to the commission of the offence, paragraph (a) does
        not apply to the excess;

   (c)  if, after evidence of the kind referred to in paragraph (a) is given,
        the person satisfies the court that a part of the excess was due to
        causes unrelated to the commission of the offence, paragraph (a)
        applies to the excess as if it were reduced by the amount of that
        part.

(5) Where an application is made for a pecuniary penalty order against a
person in respect of 2 or more ordinary indictable offences, the following
provisions have effect:

   (a)  if, at the hearing of the application, evidence is given that the
        value of the person's property at any time during or after the
        offence period exceeded the value of the person's property before the
        offence period, then, for the purposes of subsection 26 (1), the court
        shall, subject to paragraphs (b) and (c) and to subsection (7), treat
        the value of the benefits derived by the person from the commission of
        the offences as being not less than the amount of the excess;

   (b)  if, after evidence of the kind referred to in paragraph (a) is given,
        the person satisfies the court that the whole of the excess was due to
        causes unrelated to the commission of the offences, paragraph (a) does
        not apply to the excess;

   (c)  if, after evidence of the kind referred to in paragraph (a) is given,
        the person satisfies the court that a part of the excess was due to
        causes unrelated to the commission of the offences, paragraph (a)
        applies to the excess as if it were reduced by the amount of that
        part.

(6) Where an application is made for a pecuniary penalty order against a
person in relation to a serious offence or serious offences:

   (a)  all property of the person at the time the application is made; and

   (b)  all property of the person at any time:

        (i)    within the period between the day the offence, or the earliest
               offence, was committed and the day on which the application is
               made; or

        (ii)   within the period of 5 years immediately before the day on
               which the application is made;
whichever is the shorter; shall be presumed, unless the contrary is proved, to
be property that came into the possession or under the control of the person
by reason of the commission of the offence or offences.

(7) A benefit shall not be taken into account for the purposes of this section
if a pecuniary penalty has been imposed in respect of the benefit under:

   (a)  this Act;

   (b)  another law of the Commonwealth;

   (c)  a law of a Territory; or

   (d)  a law of a State.

(8) In calculating, for the purposes of an application for a pecuniary
penalty order, the value of benefits derived by a person from the commission
of an offence or offences, any expenses or outgoings of the person in
connection with the commission of the offence or offences shall be
disregarded.

(9) For the purposes of this section, where property of a person vests in the
Official Trustee by reason of the person's bankruptcy, the property shall be
taken to continue to be the property of the person.

(10) At the hearing of an application for a pecuniary penalty order, a
police officer, or a Customs officer, who is experienced in the investigation
of narcotics offences may testify, to the best of the officer's information,
knowledge and belief:

   (a)  with respect to the amount that was the market value of a narcotic
        substance at a particular time or during a particular period; or

   (b)  with respect to the amount, or the range of amounts, that was the
        amount, or range of amounts, ordinarily paid at a particular time, or
        during a particular period for the doing of an act or thing in
        relation to a narcotic substance; notwithstanding any rule of law or
        practice relating to hearsay evidence, and the testimony is prima
        facie evidence of the matters testified to.