New South Wales Consolidated Acts

[Index] [Table] [Search] [Search this Act] [Notes] [Noteup] [Download] [Help]

CROWN LAND MANAGEMENT ACT 2016 - As at 30 June 2024 - Act 58 of 2016 - NOTES

Note to Part 1

This Part sets out the objects of this Act, defines terms and expressions used in this Act and explains what is (or is not) Crown land. It also provides for the application of this Act and its inter-relationship with other legislation.

Note to Part 2

This Part provides for the dedication or reservation of Crown land by the Minister. It includes provisions dealing with--
(a) the circumstances in which the Minister may dedicate or reserve Crown land, and
(b) the alteration, addition and purposes of dedicated or reserved Crown land, and
(c) the circumstances in which a dedication or reservation may be revoked, and
(d) the permitted uses of dedicated or reserved Crown land, and
(e) the kinds of dealings with dedicated or reserved Crown land that are permitted (including certain special powers of the Minister over dealings).
Part 3 enables the Minister to appoint Crown land managers for dedicated or reserved Crown land.
Division 5.3 also requires the Minister to approve community engagement strategies for proposed alterations or removals of the purposes for which dedicated or reserved Crown land is dedicated or reserved.

Note to Part 3

This Part provides for the management of dedicated or reserved Crown land. It includes provisions that--
(a) enable the Minister to appoint Crown land managers for dedicated or reserved Crown land, and
(b) make a Crown land manager of dedicated or reserved Crown land responsible for the care, control and management of the land, and
(c) provide for the functions of Crown land managers (including specifying the kinds of dealings with managed land that they are authorised to do), and
(d) enable the Minister to issue Crown land management rules for Crown land managers.
The following persons can be appointed as Crown land managers for dedicated or reserved Crown land--
(a) local councils,
(b) a Local Aboriginal Land Council under the Aboriginal Land Rights Act 1983,
(c) a prescribed body corporate for the purposes of a provision of the Native Title Act 1993 of the Commonwealth,
(d) statutory land managers constituted under Schedule 5,
(e) the Ministerial Corporation,
(f) associations under the Associations Incorporation Act 2009,
(g) companies under the Corporations Act 2001 of the Commonwealth,
(h) any other bodies corporate or corporations constituted by or under another Act,
(i) heads of government sector agencies.
This Part also makes it clear that the Minister is responsible for the care, control and management of Crown land if there is no Crown land manager of the land or it is not dedicated or reserved.
Schedule 5 sets out the duties of board members of statutory land managers.
Schedule 7 provides for board members of reserve trusts (including reserve trusts constituted by members of community groups) under the former Crown Lands Act 1989 for existing dedicated or reserved Crown land to become the board members of statutory land managers constituted under that Schedule to manage those lands. The creation of new statutory land managers in the future (as well as the ability to appoint associations and companies as Crown land managers) will enable community groups to continue to be involved in the management of dedicated or reserved Crown land.

Note to Division 3.3

Section 5.3 (4) provides that the appointment of a Crown land manager of dedicated or reserved Crown land does not limit the Minister's powers to deal with the land.

Note to Division 3.4

Part 8 includes provisions that are applicable to council managers concerning the management of land over which there may be native title rights and interests.

Note to Part 4

This Part enables--
(a) the Minister to acquire land for the purposes of this Act (including by way of gifts), and
(b) the Minister to declare certain land to be Crown land, and
(c) the Minister to vest Crown land in local councils and certain other government agencies, and
(d) the owner of land, or the holder of a holding, to surrender it to the Crown.

Note to Division 4.2

Part 8 includes provisions concerning the management of land vested in local councils over which there may be native title rights and interests.

Note to Part 5

This Part enables the Minister to deal with Crown land on behalf of the Crown. It includes powers for the Minister--
(a) to sell Crown land and impose conditions, restrictions and covenants over the land that will apply after it is sold, and
(b) to grant leases, licences, permits, easements and rights of way over Crown land, and
(c) to grant forestry rights (including carbon sequestration rights) over Crown land.
Community engagement strategies approved by the Minister will set out the procedures and other matters concerning community engagement about certain proposed dealings and other action affecting Crown land use.
The Part also enables--
(a) the Minister to grant enclosure permits to enable permit holders to enclose Crown roads and watercourses that cross Crown land or freehold land, and
(b) easements for public access to be created over Crown land or freehold land.

Note to Part 6

This Part provides for the payment of rent for holdings (including enclosure permits, but not incomplete purchases). It includes provisions for the payment of minimum annual rent for a holding.
If the provisions of a holding provide for how rent is to be determined, redetermined or adjusted, it must be done in accordance with those provisions.
However, if the holding does not provide for how rent is to be determined, redetermined or adjusted, this Part will enable it to be done as follows--
(a) when determining rent on granting or renewing a holding--the Minister,
(b) when redetermining or adjusting rent for a holding during its term--the Secretary.
Generally speaking, this will be done by reference to certain principles (including the principle that market rent should be payable).
Schedules 1-4 contain special provisions concerning continued holdings, land in the Western Division and purchasable leases. Section 1.13 provides that those provisions prevail over the provisions of this Part to the extent of any inconsistency.

Note to Part 7

This Part enables the Minister--
(a) to alter or revoke the conditions or purposes of a holding (or exempt holders of holdings from conditions of the holding), and
(b) to withdraw land from a holding for public purposes, and
(c) to declare that a holding is forfeited for contraventions of provisions of this Act or another Act or the conditions of the holding and for certain other reasons.
Schedules 1-4 contain special provisions concerning continued holdings, land in the Western Division and purchasable leases. Section 1.13 provides that those provisions prevail over the provisions of this Part to the extent of any inconsistency.

Note to Part 8

This Part provides for--
(a) the issuing of native title certificates by the Minister, and
(b) the obligations of certain Crown land managers for dedicated or reserved Crown land and local councils vested with Crown land in connection with the management of native title issues in relation to the land (including using native title managers to provide advice on certain dealings with the land), and
(c) compensation responsibilities concerning native title rights and interests for the conduct of these Crown land managers and local councils.

Note to Part 9

This Part contains provisions to ensure that Crown land is protected from damage and improper use. The provisions make it an offence for a person--
(a) to use Crown land for certain purposes, or
(b) to pollute or contaminate Crown land.
The Part enables the Secretary to issue orders to stop unlawful or unsafe activities.
The Part also gives the Minister, authorised officers and Crown land managers certain remediation and enforcement powers (including conferring powers to give directions) to protect Crown land.

Note to Part 10

This Part provides powers to enable the investigation of compliance with this Act, the regulations and the provisions of holdings. It enables the following--
(a) the Minister to appoint authorised officers,
(b) the Minister and authorised officers to obtain information and records,
(c) authorised officers to enter and search non-residential land or structures (and to obtain search warrants to enter and search residential land or structures),
(d) authorised officers to question and identify persons,
(e) authorised officers to seize vehicles used in connection with certain offences.
The Part also creates offences for--
(a) contravening certain requirements made of persons under this Part, or
(b) knowingly engaging in false or misleading conduct in trying to comply with a requirement of this Part, or
(c) obstructing or impersonating an authorised officer.

Note to Part 11

This Part provides for how offences against this Act and the regulations are to be dealt with. It includes provisions that provide for--
(a) criminal proceedings to be dealt with summarily rather than on indictment, and
(b) the time within which criminal proceedings may be commenced, and
(c) penalty notices to be issued for offences prescribed by the regulations instead of commencing criminal proceedings, and
(d) the determination of liability for offences (including those by corporations and in respect of continuing offences or offences involving vehicles, stock or structures), and
(e) increased penalties for certain offences committed in particular circumstances of aggravation, and
(f) a court in criminal proceedings to have certain additional remedial powers, and
(g) the Land and Environment Court to make restoration orders.
The Part also contains certain evidentiary provisions in connection with criminal or other proceedings under this Act.

Note to Part 12

This Part provides for matters relating to the administration of this Act. It includes provisions relating to--
(a) the functions of the Minister in administering this Act, and
(b) the appointment of Crown land commissioners and their functions, and
(c) the constitution of the Lands Administration Ministerial Corporation and its functions, and
(d) financial matters, and
(e) the establishment and use of the Crown Reserves Improvement Fund, and
(f) the service, giving and use of notices and other documents for the purposes of this Act.

Note to Part 13

This Part provides for a number of miscellaneous matters relating to the operation of this Act. It includes--
(a) provisions that limit the acquisition of title by possession against the Crown, and
(b) provisions concerning the exclusion of minerals from sales, leases or other disposals of land under this Act, and
(c) provisions about the determination of the boundaries of land with a lake, river or road, and
(d) provisions that deem certain conditions and restrictions on land under this Act to be regulatory instruments for the purposes of section 28 of the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 that can be suspended by an environmental planning instrument, and
(e) a provision concerning review of the operation of this Act as soon as possible after the period of 5 years after the date of assent to this Act.
The Part also authorises the Governor to make regulations for the purposes of this Act.

Does not include amendments by--

Sec 9.25 (3) of this Act (sec 9.25 (3) repeals sec 9.25 (2) (j) and (k) and (3) on a day to be appointed by proclamation)
Cl 54 of Sch 3 to this Act (cl 54 of Sch 3 repeals the provisions of Part 6 of Sch 3 on a day or days to be appointed by proclamation)

Historical notes

Table of amending instruments

Crown Land Management Act 2016 No 58. Assented to 14.11.2016. Date of commencement (except sec 5.9, Divs 4.2, 5.10 and 7.4, sec 12.3, Divs 12.3 and 12.7, secs 13.2 and 13.5, Div 2 of Part 2 of Sch 3, Part 4 of Sch 3 and Schs 4, 7 and 8 to the extent that it repeals sec 28BB of, and Sch 4 to, the Western Lands Act 1901), 1.7.2018, sec 1.2 (1) and 2018 (225) LW 1.6.2018; date of commencement of sec 5.9, Divs 5.10 and 7.4, sec 12.3, Divs 12.3 and 12.7, sec 13.2, Div 2 of Part 2 of Sch 3, Part 4 of Sch 3 and Schs 4 and 8 (to the extent that it repeals sec 28BB of, and Sch 4 to, the Western Lands Act 1901), 19.3.2018, sec 1.2 (1) and 2018 (86) LW 16.3.2018; date of commencement of Div 4.2, sec 13.5 and Sch 7, assent, sec 1.2 (2). This Act has been amended by sec 10.23(9) of this Act and as follows--

2017 No 17 Crown Land Legislation Amendment Act 2017. Assented to 17.5.2017.
Date of commencement of Sch 1, assent, sec 2 (2).
No 63 Statute Law (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act (No 2) 2017. Assented to 23.11.2017.
Date of commencement of Sch 1.7, 14 days after assent, sec 2 (1).
2018 (88) Crown Land Management Regulation 2018. LW 16.3.2018.
Date of commencement of Sch 4, 19.3.2018, cl 2 (2).
(229) Crown Land Management Amendment Regulation 2018. LW 1.6.2018.
Date of commencement, on publication on LW, cl 2.
No 25 Statute Law (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 2018. Assented to 15.6.2018.
Date of commencement of Sch 1.8, 14 days after assent, sec 2 (1).
No 68 Statute Law (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act (No 2) 2018. Assented to 31.10.2018.
Date of commencement of Sch 1.8, 8.1.2019, sec 2 (1).
No 70 Government Sector Finance Legislation (Repeal and Amendment) Act 2018. Assented to 22.11.2018.
Date of commencement of Sch 3, 1.12.2018, sec 2 (1) and 2018 (673) LW 30.11.2018; date of commencement of Sch 4.22, 1.7.2023, sec 2(1) and 2023 (91) LW 2.3.2023.
2019 (119) Crown Land Management Amendment Regulation 2019. LW 28.2.2019.
Date of commencement, on publication on LW, cl 2.
No 1 Statute Law (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 2019. Assented to 17.6.2019.
Date of commencement of Sch 1.3, 14 days after assent, sec 2 (1).
2020 No 5 COVID-19 Legislation Amendment (Emergency Measures--Miscellaneous) Act 2020. Assented to 14.5.2020.
Date of commencement of Sch 1.9, assent, sec 2(1).
(310) Crown Land Management Amendment (Reserve Trusts) Regulation 2020. LW 26.6.2020.
Date of commencement, 1.7.2020, cl 2.
(571) Crown Land Management Amendment (Reserve Trusts) Regulation (No 2) 2020. LW 25.9.2020.
Date of commencement, on publication on LW, cl 2.
2021 No 5 COVID-19 Recovery Act 2021. Assented to 25.3.2021.
Date of commencement of Sch 1.10, assent, sec 2(1).
No 10 Real Property Amendment (Certificates of Title) Act 2021. Assented to 24.5.2021.
Date of commencement of Sch 3, 11.10.2021, sec 2(1) and 2021 (476) LW 27.8.2021.
(344) Crown Land Management Amendment (Reserve Trusts) Regulation 2021. LW 30.6.2021.
Date of commencement, on publication on LW, cl 2.
(602) Crown Land Management Amendment (Reserve Trusts) Regulation (No 2) 2021. LW 15.10.2021.
Date of commencement, on publication on LW, sec 2.
(754) Crown Land Management Amendment (Reserve Trusts) Regulation (No 3) 2021. LW 17.12.2021.
Date of commencement, on publication on LW, sec 2.
2022 No 5 COVID-19 and Other Legislation Amendment (Regulatory Reforms) Act 2022. Assented to 24.3.2022.
Date of commencement of Sch 1.7, assent, sec 2(1).
2023 No 7 Statute Law (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 2023. Assented to 3.7.2023.
Date of commencement, 14.7.2023, sec 2.
2024 (36) Crown Land Management Amendment (Reserve Trusts) Regulation 2024. LW 23.2.2024.
Date of commencement, on publication on LW, sec 2.
No 27 Property NSW Amendment Act 2024. Assented to 31.5.2024.
Date of commencement, assent, sec 2.
No 44 Catholic Cemeteries and Crematoria Trust Act 2024. Assented to 24.6.2024.
Date of commencement, 30.6.2024, sec 2.
This Act has been amended by sec 30C of the Interpretation Act 1987 No 15.

Table of amendments

Sec 1.5 Am 2017 No 17, Sch 1 [1]-[6]; 2019 No 1, Sch 1.3.
Sec 1.9 Am 2017 No 17, Sch 1 [7].
Sec 2.18 Am 2017 No 17, Sch 1 [8].
Sec 2.23 Am 2017 No 17, Sch 1 [9].
Sec 3.1 Am 2017 No 17, Sch 1 [10].
Sec 3.10 Subst 2017 No 17, Sch 1 [11].
Sec 3.12 Am 2017 No 17, Sch 1 [12].
Sec 3.13 Am 2017 No 17, Sch 1 [13].
Sec 3.15 Am 2017 No 17, Sch 1 [8].
Sec 3.16 Am 2017 No 17, Sch 1 [14].
Sec 3.17 Am 2017 No 17, Sch 1 [15].
Sec 3.24 Am 2017 No 17, Sch 1 [16].
Sec 3.26 Am 2017 No 17, Sch 1 [17].
Sec 3.27 Am 2018 No 68, Sch 1.8 [1].
Sec 3.28A Ins 2017 No 17, Sch 1 [18].
Sec 3.30 Am 2018 No 70, Sch 4.22.
Sec 4.4 Am 2017 No 17, Sch 1 [19].
Sec 4.9 Am 2021 No 10, Sch 3.12[1].
Sec 4.11 Am 2024 No 27, Sch 2.3.
Sec 4.14 Am 2021 No 10, Sch 3.12[1].
Sec 5.3 Am 2017 No 17, Sch 1 [20].
Sec 5.7 Am 2017 No 17, Sch 1 [21].
Sec 5.21 Am 2018 No 68, Sch 1.8 [2].
Sec 5.37 Subst 2017 No 63, Sch 1.7 [1].
Sec 5.57 Am 2018 No 68, Sch 1.8 [3].
Sec 6.5 Am 2017 No 17, Sch 1 [22]; 2018 No 25, Sch 1.8 [1].
Div 8.5 (sec 8.14) Ins 2017 No 17, Sch 1 [23].
Sec 9.12 Am 2018 No 68, Sch 1.8 [4]-[6].
Sec 10.23 Am 2016 No 58, sec 10.23(9); 2020 No 5, Sch 1.9[1]; 2021 No 5, Sch 1.10; 2022 No 5, Sch 1.7.
Sec 11.3 Am 2017 No 17, Sch 1 [24].
Sec 11.16 Am 2017 No 17, Sch 1 [8].
Part 12, introductory note Am 2017 No 17, Sch 1 [25].
Sec 12.13 Am 2017 No 63, Sch 1.7 [2].
Sec 12.18 Am 2020 No 5, Sch 1.9[2].
Div 12.5 (secs 12.26-12.31) Ins 2017 No 17, Sch 1 [26].
Div 12.6 (previously Div 12.5) Renumbered 2017 No 17, Sch 1 [27].
Sec 12.30 Subst 2018 No 70, Sch 3.14.
Secs 12.32, 12.33 (previously secs 12.26, 12.27) Renumbered 2017 No 17, Sch 1 [28].
Sec 12.34 (previously sec 12.28) Am 2017 No 17, Sch 1 [29]. Renumbered 2017 No 17, Sch 1 [28].
Div 12.7 (previously Div 12.6) Renumbered 2017 No 17, Sch 1 [27].
Secs 12.35-12.38 (previously secs 12.29-12.32) Renumbered 2017 No 17, Sch 1 [28].
Sec 13.1 Am 2021 No 10, Sch 3.12[2].
Sec 13.5 Am 2017 No 17, Sch 1 [30].
Sch 1 Am 2018 (88), Sch 4.1 [1]-[7].
Sch 3 Am 2017 No 17, Sch 1 [31]; 2018 (88), Sch 4.7 [1]-[5].
Sch 4 Am 2018 (88), Sch 4.7 [6]-[18]; 2023 No 7, Sch 2.21.
Sch 5 Am 2017 No 17, Sch 1 [32]-[35].
Sch 7 Am 2017 No 17, Sch 1 [36]-[54]; 2018 (88), Sch 4.2 [1]-[8], 4.3 [1] [2], 4.4, 4.5, 4.6 [1] [2], 4.7 [19], 4.8 [1]-[4]; 2018 (229), Sch 2 [1]-[24]; 2018 No 25, Sch 1.8 [2]; 2019 (119), cl 3 (1)-(4); 2020 (310), cl 3(1) (2); 2020 (571), cl 3(1) (2); 2021 (344), cl 3(1) (2); 2021 (602), sec 3(1) (2); 2021 (754), sec 3(1) (2); 2024 (36), Sch 1[1] [2]; 2024 No 44, Sch 3.
Sch 8 Am 2017 No 17, Sch 1 [55]. Rep 1987 No 15, sec 30C.



AustLII: Copyright Policy | Disclaimers | Privacy Policy | Feedback