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Columbus Board of Education v Penick   flag  100

443 US 449; 61 L Ed 2d 666; 99 SCt 2941; 61 L Ed 666
United States Supreme Court
United States
1st October, 1979

Cases Referring to this Case

Case Name Citation(s) Court Jurisdiction Date Full Text Citation Index † 
Allen v Wright 468 US 737; 82 L Ed 2d 556; 104 SCt 3315 United States Supreme Court United States 18 Sep 1984 WorldLII flag 690
Wayte v United States 470 US 598; 84 L Ed 2d 547; 105 SCt 1524 United States Supreme Court United States 19 Mar 1985 WorldLII flag 309
City of Richmond v JA Croson Co 488 US 469; 102 L Ed 2d 854; 109 SCt 706 United States Supreme Court United States 23 Jan 1989 WorldLII flag 252
City of Mobile v Bolden 446 US 55; 64 L Ed 47; 64 L Ed 2d 47; 100 SCt 1490 United States Supreme Court United States 22 Apr 1980 WorldLII flag 161
City of Rome v United States 446 US 156; 64 L Ed 2d 119; 100 SCt 1548 United States Supreme Court United States 9 Jun 1980 WorldLII flag 106
Rogers v Lodge 458 US 613; 73 L Ed 2d 1012; 102 SCt 3272 United States Supreme Court United States 4 Oct 1982 WorldLII flag 103
Board of Educ v Dowell 498 US 237; 112 L Ed 2d 715; 111 SCt 630 United States Supreme Court United States 15 Jan 1991 WorldLII flag 99
Dayton Board of Education v Brinkman 443 US 526; 61 L Ed 2d 720; 99 SCt 2971 United States Supreme Court United States 1 Oct 1979 WorldLII flag 87
Freeman v Pitts 503 US 467; 118 L Ed 2d 108; 112 SCt 1430 United States Supreme Court United States 31 Mar 1992 WorldLII flag 85
Missouri v Jenkins 495 US 33; 109 L Ed 2d 31; 110 SCt 1651 United States Supreme Court United States 18 Apr 1990 WorldLII flag 67
Detroit Police Officers' Association v A Young 608 F2d 671; 21 Empl Prac Dec P 30,313; 20 Fair Empl Prac Cas 1728 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States 12 Oct 1979 WorldLII flag 64
Washington v Seattle School District 458 US 457; 73 L Ed 2d 896; 102 SCt 3187 United States Supreme Court United States 30 Jun 1982 WorldLII flag 63
Gay v Waiters' and Dairy Lunchmen's Union 694 F2d 531; 30 Empl Prac Dec P 33,026; 30 Fair Empl Prac Cas 605 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 2 Dec 1982 WorldLII flag 60
Missouri v Jenkins 515 US 70; 115 SCt 2038; 132 L Ed 2d 63 United States Supreme Court United States 12 Jun 1995 WorldLII flag 57
Liddell v Missouri Liddell 731 F2d 1294; 17 Ed Law Rep 86; 76 ALRFed 435 United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit United States 5 Mar 1984 WorldLII flag 50
Spallone v United States 493 US 265; 107 L Ed 2d 644; 110 SCt 625; 58 USLW 4103 United States Supreme Court United States 10 Jan 1990 WorldLII flag 46
United States v Yonkers Board of Education 56 USLW 2392 United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit United States 28 Dec 1987 WorldLII flag 44
United States v Yonkers Board of Education 56 USLW 2392 United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit United States 28 Dec 1987 WorldLII flag 44
Burton v City of Belle Glade 178 F3d 1175 United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit United States 25 Jun 1999 WorldLII flag 40
Dowdell v City of Apopka 698 F2d 1181 United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit United States 28 Feb 1983 WorldLII flag 40
Armstrong v Board of School Directors 616 F2d 305 United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit United States 28 Apr 1980 WorldLII flag 38
Georgia State Conference of Branches of NAACP v Georgia 775 F2d 1403; 28 Ed Law Rep 339 United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit United States 29 Oct 1985 WorldLII flag 33
Jenkins v Missouri 807 F2d 657; 36 Ed Law Rep 569 United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit United States 5 Feb 1987 WorldLII flag 32
Ross v Houston Independent School District 699 F2d 218; 9 Ed Law Rep 100 United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit United States 16 Feb 1983 WorldLII flag 30
Seattle School District No v Washington 633 F2d 1338 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 16 Dec 1980 WorldLII flag 29
Flores v Pierce 617 F2d 1386 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 7 May 1980 WorldLII flag 29
Vaughns Vaughns v Board of Education of Prince George's County J Vaughns J Vaughns 758 F2d 983; 23 Ed Law Rep 1291 United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit United States 28 Mar 1985 WorldLII flag 22
Jean v Nelson 711 F2d 1455 United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit United States 12 Apr 1983 WorldLII flag 22
Adams v United States 620 F2d 1277 United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit United States 10 Apr 1980 WorldLII flag 22
Bratton v City of Detroit 704 F2d 878; 31 Empl Prac Dec P 33,497; 31 Fair Empl Prac Cas 465 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States 29 Mar 1983 WorldLII flag 21
West v Waymire 114 F3d 646 United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit United States 21 May 1997 WorldLII flag 20
Morgan v A Nucci Morgan 831 F2d 313; 42 Ed Law Rep 514; 94 ALRFed 629 United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit United States 28 Sep 1987 WorldLII flag 20
Little Rock School District v Pulaski County Special School District 778 F2d 404; 28 Ed Law Rep 1261 United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit United States 7 Nov 1985 WorldLII flag 18
Reynolds v City of Little Rock 893 F2d 1004; 58 USLW 2418 United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit United States 12 Jan 1990 WorldLII flag 17
Martin v International Olympic Committee 740 F2d 670; 35 Empl Prac Dec P 34,705 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 16 Jul 1984 WorldLII flag 17
Keyes v School District 895 F2d 659; 58 Ed Law Rep 906 United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit United States 30 Jan 1990 WorldLII flag 16
Pitts v Freeman 755 F2d 1423; 23 Ed Law Rep 535 United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit United States 22 Mar 1985 WorldLII flag 16
United States v Lawrence County School District 799 F2d 1031; 36 Ed Law Rep 15 United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit United States 15 Sep 1986 WorldLII flag 15
Larry Lucille P v Riles P 793 F2d 969 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 25 Jun 1986 WorldLII flag 15
Williams v City of Dothan Alabama 745 F2d 1406; 40 Fed RServ2d 416 United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit United States 5 Nov 1984 WorldLII flag 15
Estes v Metropolitan Branches of Dallas NAACP 444 US 437; 62 L Ed 2d 626; 100 SCt 716 United States Supreme Court United States 21 Jan 1980 WorldLII flag 15
Coalition to Save Our Children v State Board of Education of Delaware 90 F3d 752; 111 Ed Law Rep 132 United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit United States 24 Jul 1996 WorldLII flag 14
Taxman v Board of Education of Township of Piscataway Taxman 91 F3d 1547 United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit United States 21 Aug 1996 WorldLII flag 13
Little Rock School District v R 839 F2d 1296; 44 Ed Law Rep 1081 United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit United States 24 Mar 1988 WorldLII flag 12
Cannon v University of Chicago 648 F2d 1104; 26 Empl Prac Dec P 31,822 United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit United States 22 Aug 1981 WorldLII flag 12
Yellow Springs Exempted Village School District v Ohio High School Athletic Association 647 F2d 651 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States 28 Apr 1981 WorldLII flag 11
Lee v Lee County Board of Education 639 F2d 1243 United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit United States 19 Mar 1981 WorldLII flag 10
United States v Board of School Commissioners of City of Indianapolis Indiana 637 F2d 1101 United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit United States 6 Oct 1980 WorldLII flag 10
Lora v Board of Education of City of New York 623 F2d 248 United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit United States 2 Jun 1980 WorldLII flag 10
Reed v Rhodes 607 F2d 714 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States 23 Aug 1979 WorldLII flag 10
Belk v Charlotte-Mecklenburg Bd of Educ 269 F3d 305 United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit United States 21 Sep 2001 WorldLII flag 9
Ayers v Allain 914 F2d 676; 62 Ed Law Rep 910 United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit United States 28 Sep 1990 WorldLII flag 9
Graves v Walton County Board of Education 686 F2d 1135; 6 Ed Law Rep 336 United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit United States 27 Sep 1982 WorldLII flag 9
Perkins v City of West Helena Arkansas 675 F2d 201 United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit United States 13 Apr 1982 WorldLII flag 9
Reed v Rhodes 179 F3d 453 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States 10 Jun 1999 WorldLII flag 8
Dowell al Dowell al v Board of Education of Oklahoma City Public Schools Independent District 8 F3d 1501; 87 Ed Law Rep 67 United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit United States 4 Nov 1993 WorldLII flag 8
Flax v Ws Potts 915 F2d 155; 63 Ed Law Rep 23 United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit United States 24 Oct 1990 WorldLII flag 8
Ayers v Allain 893 F2d 732; 58 Ed Law Rep 48 United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit United States 6 Feb 1990 WorldLII flag 8
Pitts Pitts v Freeman Mc Pitts 887 F2d 1438; 56 Ed Law Rep 777 United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit United States 13 Nov 1989 WorldLII flag 8
Dowell al Dowell al v Board of Education of the Oklahoma City Public Schools Independent District 890 F2d 1483; 57 Ed Law Rep 685 United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit United States 6 Oct 1989 WorldLII flag 8
Diaz v San Jose Unified School District 733 F2d 660; 17 Ed Law Rep 479 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 17 May 1984 WorldLII flag 8
Clark v Board of Education of Little Rock School District Wt K 705 F2d 265; 10 Ed Law Rep 947 United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit United States 31 Mar 1983 WorldLII flag 8
Alexander v Youngstown Board of Education 675 F2d 787; 3 Ed Law Rep 861 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States 9 Apr 1982 WorldLII flag 8
Johnson v Governor of Florida 353 F3d 1287 United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit United States 19 Dec 2003 WorldLII flag 7
Smith v R Boyle 144 F3d 1060 United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit United States 21 May 1998 WorldLII flag 7
United States v City of Yonkers 96 F3d 600; 112 Ed Law Rep 601 United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit United States 23 Sep 1996 WorldLII flag 7
United States v Yonkers Board of Education US 893 F2d 498 United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit United States 8 Jan 1990 WorldLII flag 7
Price v Denison Independent School District 694 F2d 334; 7 Ed Law Rep 817; 30 Empl Prac Dec P 33,267 United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit United States 1 May 1983 WorldLII flag 7
Bell v Board of Education 683 F2d 963 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States 8 Jul 1982 WorldLII flag 7
Brown v A Califano 627 F2d 1221; 201 USApp DC 235 United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit United States - District of Columbia 31 Jan 1980 WorldLII flag 7
Brown v Board of Education of Topeka Shawnee County Kansas 892 F2d 851; 57 Ed Law Rep 1167 United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit United States 29 Jan 1990 WorldLII flag 6
Andrade v City of Phoenix D Fugate 692 F2d 557 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 12 Oct 1982 WorldLII flag 6
Goldsboro City Board of Education v Wayne County Board of Education 745 F2d 324; 20 Ed Law Rep 834 United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit United States 5 Oct 1984 WorldLII flag 5
Clients' Council v R Pierce 711 F2d 1406 United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit United States 15 Sep 1983 WorldLII flag 5
Penick v Columbus Board of Education 663 F2d 24; 1 Ed Law Rep 154 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States 21 Oct 1981 WorldLII flag 5
Ball v Union Carbide Corporation 385 F3d 713 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States 30 Sep 2004 WorldLII flag 4
City of New York v United States Department of Commerce 34 F3d 1114; 63 USLW 2128 United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit United States 8 Aug 1994 WorldLII flag 4
Bronson v Board of Education of City School District of City of Cincinnati 687 F2d 836; 6 Ed Law Rep 512 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States 31 Aug 1982 WorldLII flag 4
Kelley v Metropolitan County Board of Education of Nashville and Davidson County Tennessee 687 F2d 814; 6 Ed Law Rep 493 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States 27 Jul 1982 WorldLII flag 4
Los Angeles Unified School District v United States District Court for Central District of California 650 F2d 1004 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 24 Jun 1981 WorldLII flag 4
Hoots v Commonwealth of Pennsylvania 639 F2d 972 United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit United States 26 Feb 1981 WorldLII flag 4
Zaslawsky v Board of Education of Los Angeles City Unified School District 610 F2d 661; 22 Empl Prac Dec P 30,789; 26 Fair Empl Prac Cas 1649 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 28 Dec 1979 WorldLII flag 4
Davis v New York City Housing Authority 278 F3d 64 United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit United States 3 Jan 2002 WorldLII flag 3
United States v City of Yonkers 181 F3d 301 United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit United States 22 Jun 1999 WorldLII flag 3
Lockett v Board of Education of Muscogee County School District Georgia 92 F3d 1092 United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit United States 28 Aug 1996 WorldLII flag 3
Hull v Quitman County Board of Education 1 F3d 1450; 62 USLW 2181 United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit United States 2 Sep 1993 WorldLII flag 3
Riddick v The School Board of the Cith of Norfolk 782 F2d 438; [1986] AMC 1217; 30 Ed Law Rep 1075; 54 USLW 2428 United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit United States 19 Mar 1986 WorldLII flag 3
Reed III v Rhodes 662 F2d 1219; 1 Ed Law Rep 120 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States 21 Oct 1981 WorldLII flag 3
Diaz v San Jose Unified School District 612 F2d 411 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 15 Feb 1980 WorldLII flag 3
United States II v Charleston County School District 960 F2d 1227; 74 Ed Law Rep 26 United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit United States 27 Mar 1992 WorldLII flag 2
Stern v Tarrant County Hospital District 755 F2d 430; 53 USLW 2485 United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit United States 7 May 1985 WorldLII flag 2
Berry v School District of City of Benton Harbor G 698 F2d 813; 9 Ed Law Rep 55 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States 24 Jan 1983 WorldLII flag 2
Board of Ed of Los Angeles v Superior Court of Cal , County of Los Angeles 448 US 1343; 65 L Ed 2d 1166; 101 SCt 21 United States Supreme Court United States 27 Aug 1980 WorldLII flag 2
United States v School District of City of Ferndale Michigan 616 F2d 895 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States 4 Apr 1980 WorldLII flag 2
Edgerson Edgerson v Clinton 86 F3d 833; 110 Ed Law Rep 47 United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit United States 21 Jun 1996 WorldLII flag 1
Samayoa Samayoa v Chicago Board of Education 807 F2d 643; 38 Ed Law Rep 36 United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit United States 10 Dec 1986 WorldLII flag 1
Britton v South Bend Community School Corporation 775 F2d 794; 28 Ed Law Rep 92; 54 USLW 2235; 38 Empl Prac Dec P 35,679; 39 Fair Empl Prac Cas 170 United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit United States 21 Oct 1985 WorldLII flag 1
Mitchell v A McCunney 651 F2d 183 United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit United States 29 May 1981 WorldLII flag 1
Louis "Barok" C Biraogo v The Philippine Truth Commission of 2010 / Rep Edcel C Lagman, Vs Exec Sec Paquito N Ochoa, Jr , [2010] PHSC 1167 Supreme Court of the Philippines Philippines 7 Dec 2010 AsianLII flag
Ball v Union Carbide Corporation 376 F3d 554 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States 15 Jul 2004 WorldLII flag
Robert McWhorter v United States of America 762 F2d 1009 United States 8 Mar 1985 WorldLII flag
United States v Unified School District 610 F2d 688 United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit United States 11 Jan 1980 WorldLII flag

Legislation Cited

Legislation Name Provision
Fourteenth Amendment
constitution

Cases and Articles Cited

Case Name Citation(s) Court Jurisdiction Date Full Text Citation Index † 
Dowell al Dowell al v Board of Education of Oklahoma City Public Schools Independent District 8 F3d 1501; 87 Ed Law Rep 67 United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit United States 4 Nov 1993 WorldLII flag 8
Flax v Ws Potts 915 F2d 155; 63 Ed Law Rep 23 United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit United States 24 Oct 1990 WorldLII flag 8
Ayers v Allain 893 F2d 732; 58 Ed Law Rep 48 United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit United States 6 Feb 1990 WorldLII flag 8
Pitts Pitts v Freeman Mc Pitts 887 F2d 1438; 56 Ed Law Rep 777 United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit United States 13 Nov 1989 WorldLII flag 8
Dowell al Dowell al v Board of Education of the Oklahoma City Public Schools Independent District 890 F2d 1483; 57 Ed Law Rep 685 United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit United States 6 Oct 1989 WorldLII flag 8
Diaz v San Jose Unified School District 733 F2d 660; 17 Ed Law Rep 479 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 17 May 1984 WorldLII flag 8
Clark v Board of Education of Little Rock School District Wt K 705 F2d 265; 10 Ed Law Rep 947 United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit United States 31 Mar 1983 WorldLII flag 8
Alexander v Youngstown Board of Education 675 F2d 787; 3 Ed Law Rep 861 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States 9 Apr 1982 WorldLII flag 8
Board of Education v State 45 Ohio St 555; 16 NE 373 United States - Ohio circa 1982 flag 8
Johnson v Governor of Florida 353 F3d 1287 United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit United States 19 Dec 2003 WorldLII flag 7
Smith v R Boyle 144 F3d 1060 United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit United States 21 May 1998 WorldLII flag 7
United States v City of Yonkers 96 F3d 600; 112 Ed Law Rep 601 United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit United States 23 Sep 1996 WorldLII flag 7
United States v Yonkers Board of Education US 893 F2d 498 United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit United States 8 Jan 1990 WorldLII flag 7
Price v Denison Independent School District 694 F2d 334; 7 Ed Law Rep 817; 30 Empl Prac Dec P 33,267 United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit United States 1 May 1983 WorldLII flag 7
Bell v Board of Education 683 F2d 963 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States 8 Jul 1982 WorldLII flag 7
Brown v A Califano 627 F2d 1221; 201 USApp DC 235 United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit United States - District of Columbia 31 Jan 1980 WorldLII flag 7
Columbus Board of Education v Penick 439 US 1348; 58 L Ed 2d 55; 99 SCt 24 United States Supreme Court United States 11 Aug 1978 WorldLII flag 7
Brown v Board of Education of Topeka Shawnee County Kansas 892 F2d 851; 57 Ed Law Rep 1167 United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit United States 29 Jan 1990 WorldLII flag 6
Andrade v City of Phoenix D Fugate 692 F2d 557 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 12 Oct 1982 WorldLII flag 6
Goldsboro City Board of Education v Wayne County Board of Education 745 F2d 324; 20 Ed Law Rep 834 United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit United States 5 Oct 1984 WorldLII flag 5
Clients' Council v R Pierce 711 F2d 1406 United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit United States 15 Sep 1983 WorldLII flag 5
Penick v Columbus Board of Education 663 F2d 24; 1 Ed Law Rep 154 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States 21 Oct 1981 WorldLII flag 5
Ball v Union Carbide Corporation 385 F3d 713 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States 30 Sep 2004 WorldLII flag 4
City of New York v United States Department of Commerce 34 F3d 1114; 63 USLW 2128 United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit United States 8 Aug 1994 WorldLII flag 4
Bronson v Board of Education of City School District of City of Cincinnati 687 F2d 836; 6 Ed Law Rep 512 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States 31 Aug 1982 WorldLII flag 4
Kelley v Metropolitan County Board of Education of Nashville and Davidson County Tennessee 687 F2d 814; 6 Ed Law Rep 493 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States 27 Jul 1982 WorldLII flag 4
Los Angeles Unified School District v United States District Court for Central District of California 650 F2d 1004 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 24 Jun 1981 WorldLII flag 4
Hoots v Commonwealth of Pennsylvania 639 F2d 972 United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit United States 26 Feb 1981 WorldLII flag 4
Zaslawsky v Board of Education of Los Angeles City Unified School District 610 F2d 661; 22 Empl Prac Dec P 30,789; 26 Fair Empl Prac Cas 1649 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 28 Dec 1979 WorldLII flag 4
Davis v New York City Housing Authority 278 F3d 64 United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit United States 3 Jan 2002 WorldLII flag 3
United States v City of Yonkers 181 F3d 301 United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit United States 22 Jun 1999 WorldLII flag 3
Lockett v Board of Education of Muscogee County School District Georgia 92 F3d 1092 United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit United States 28 Aug 1996 WorldLII flag 3
Hull v Quitman County Board of Education 1 F3d 1450; 62 USLW 2181 United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit United States 2 Sep 1993 WorldLII flag 3
Riddick v The School Board of the Cith of Norfolk 782 F2d 438; [1986] AMC 1217; 30 Ed Law Rep 1075; 54 USLW 2428 United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit United States 19 Mar 1986 WorldLII flag 3
Reed III v Rhodes 662 F2d 1219; 1 Ed Law Rep 120 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States 21 Oct 1981 WorldLII flag 3
Diaz v San Jose Unified School District 612 F2d 411 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 15 Feb 1980 WorldLII flag 3
United States II v Charleston County School District 960 F2d 1227; 74 Ed Law Rep 26 United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit United States 27 Mar 1992 WorldLII flag 2
Stern v Tarrant County Hospital District 755 F2d 430; 53 USLW 2485 United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit United States 7 May 1985 WorldLII flag 2
Berry v School District of City of Benton Harbor G 698 F2d 813; 9 Ed Law Rep 55 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States 24 Jan 1983 WorldLII flag 2
Board of Ed of Los Angeles v Superior Court of Cal , County of Los Angeles 448 US 1343; 65 L Ed 2d 1166; 101 SCt 21 United States Supreme Court United States 27 Aug 1980 WorldLII flag 2
United States v School District of City of Ferndale Michigan 616 F2d 895 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States 4 Apr 1980 WorldLII flag 2
Edgerson Edgerson v Clinton 86 F3d 833; 110 Ed Law Rep 47 United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit United States 21 Jun 1996 WorldLII flag 1
Samayoa Samayoa v Chicago Board of Education 807 F2d 643; 38 Ed Law Rep 36 United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit United States 10 Dec 1986 WorldLII flag 1
Britton v South Bend Community School Corporation 775 F2d 794; 28 Ed Law Rep 92; 54 USLW 2235; 38 Empl Prac Dec P 35,679; 39 Fair Empl Prac Cas 170 United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit United States 21 Oct 1985 WorldLII flag 1
Mitchell v A McCunney 651 F2d 183 United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit United States 29 May 1981 WorldLII flag 1
A History and Analysis 64 Virginia Law Review 485 Virginia Law Review United States circa 1981 LexisNexis flag 1
Louis "Barok" C Biraogo v The Philippine Truth Commission of 2010 / Rep Edcel C Lagman, Vs Exec Sec Paquito N Ochoa, Jr , [2010] PHSC 1167 Supreme Court of the Philippines Philippines 7 Dec 2010 AsianLII flag
Ball v Union Carbide Corporation 376 F3d 554 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States 15 Jul 2004 WorldLII flag
Robert McWhorter v United States of America 762 F2d 1009 United States 8 Mar 1985 WorldLII flag
United States v Unified School District 610 F2d 688 United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit United States 11 Jan 1980 WorldLII flag

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