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Chester v Afshar     104

Cases Referring to this Case

Case Name †	Citation(s)	Court	Jurisdiction	Date	Full Text		Citation Index
A (A Minor) v A Health & Social Services Trust	[2010] NIQB 108	High Court of Justice in Northern Ireland - Queens Bench	United Kingdom - Northern Ireland	13 Oct 2010	BAILII		5
AB v Ministry of Defence	[2009] EWHC 1225 (QB)	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	5 Jun 2009	BAILII		5
AB v Palanimurgan	[2015] ScotCS CSOH_26	Scottish Court of Session	United Kingdom - Scotland	17 Mar 2015	BAILII
Abbey v Gilligan	[2012] EWHC 3217 (QB); [2013] EMLR 12	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	20 Nov 2012	BAILII		11
Accident Compensation Corporation v Ambros	[2007] NZCA 304; [2008] 1 NZLR 340; [2007] CA 304	Court of Appeal of New Zealand	New Zealand	20 Jul 2007	NZLII		661
Ah Against Greater Glasgow Health Board; SR Against Johnson and Johnson Medical Ltd; Yt Against Spire Healthcare Ltd; and En Against Greater Glasgow Health Board	[2018] ScotCS CSOH_57	Scottish Court of Session	United Kingdom - Scotland	1 Jun 2018	BAILII
Anne Margaret Henry v Dr Horatius Jeffers	[2022] ECarSC 286	Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court	International	17 Aug 2022	CommonLII
Ashley v Chief Constable of Sussex Police	[2008] UKHL 25; [2008] 1 AC 962; [2008] 3 All ER 573; [2008] 2 WLR 975	House of Lords	United Kingdom	23 Apr 2008	BAILII		64
Australian Capital Territory v Kitt	[2004] NSWCA 444; (2004) 43 MVR 249	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	29 Nov 2004	AustLII		3
Barrett v Sandwell And West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust	[2015] EWHC 2627 (QB)	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	18 Sep 2015	BAILII		1
Beary v Pall Mall Investments	[2005] EWCA Civ 415; [2005] PNLR 35	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	19 Apr 2005	BAILII		6
Bilal v St George's University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust	[2023] EWCA Civ 605	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	13 Jun 2023	BAILII
Birch v University College Hospitals NHS Trust	[2008] EWHC 2237 (QB); (2008) 104 BMLR 168; [2008] All ER (D) 113	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	29 Sep 2008	BAILII		9
Border v Lewisham & Greenwich NHS Trust	[2015] EWCA Civ 8	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	21 Jan 2015	BAILII		3
Brand v	[2020] EWHC 1306 (QB)	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	22 May 2020	BAILII		1
Braverus Maritime Inc v Port Kembla Coal Terminal Ltd	[2005] FCAFC 256; (2005) 148 FCR 68; [2006] ATPR 46-267	Federal Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	12 Dec 2005	AustLII		38
Breslin v McKenna	[2009] NIQB 50	High Court of Justice in Northern Ireland - Queens Bench	United Kingdom - Northern Ireland	8 Jun 2009	BAILII		6
Brint v Barking, Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust	[2021] EWHC 290 (QB)	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	9 Feb 2021	BAILII		1
Bullabidgee Pty Ltd v McCleary	[2011] NSWCA 259; 15 BPR 29,421	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	2 Sep 2011	AustLII		22
CA25 O' Leary v The Health Service Executive	[2016] IECA 25	Irish Competition Authority	Republic of Ireland	10 Feb 2016	BAILII		2
Calvert v William Hill Credit Ltd	[2008] EWCA Civ 1427; [2008] 2 WLR 1065	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	16 Dec 2008	BAILII		7
Clark (AP) v Greater Glasgow Health Board	[2016] ScotCS CSOH_24	Scottish Court of Session	United Kingdom - Scotland	11 Feb 2016	BAILII
Clark (AP) v Greater Glasgow Health Board	[2017] ScotCS CSIH_17	Scottish Court of Session	United Kingdom - Scotland	21 Feb 2017	BAILII
Clough v First Choice Holidays and Flights Ltd	[2006] EWCA Civ 15	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	25 Jan 2006	BAILII		10
Commissioner of the Australian Building and Construction Commission v Hall (No 3)	[2020] FCCA 2352	Federal Circuit Court of Australia	Australia	17 Sep 2020	AustLII		3
Commissioners for His Majesty's Revenue and Customs v Altrad Services Ltd	[2024] EWCA Civ 720	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	28 Jun 2024	BAILII
Correia v University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust	[2017] EWCA Civ 356	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	12 May 2017	BAILII		10
Curtis v Harden Shire Council	[2014] NSWCA 314; (2014) 88 NSWLR 10; 203 LGERA 352; (2014) 68 MVR 1	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	10 Sep 2014	AustLII		60
D Against the Bishop's Conference of Scotland	[2022] ScotCS CSOH_46	Scottish Court of Session	United Kingdom - Scotland	30 Jun 2022	BAILII
Diamond v Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust	[2017] EWHC 1495 (QB)	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	23 Jun 2017	BAILII		4
Diamond v Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust	[2019] EWCA Civ 585	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	8 Apr 2019	BAILII
DN v LB Greenwich	[2004] EWCA Civ 1659; [2005] LGR 597	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	8 Dec 2004	BAILII		19
DR Chan Po Sum v the Medical Council of Hong Kong	[2014] HKCA 606; [2015] 1 HKC 461; [2015] 1 HKLRD 330	Hong Kong Court of Appeal	Hong Kong	9 Dec 2014	HKLII		5
Duce v Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust	[2018] EWCA Civ 1307; [2018] PIQR P18	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	7 Jun 2018	BAILII		8
Duffield v Metamorph Law Ltd	[2021] EWHC 2795 (QB)	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	26 Oct 2021	BAILII		2
"Appendix 3 - List of Leading Cases of United Kingdom"	[2011] NLUDLRS 8	Editors	India	circa 2011	LIIofIndia
Endeavour Energy v Precision Helicopters Pty Ltd	[2015] NSWCA 169; [2015] Aust Torts Reports 82-227	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	22 Jun 2015	AustLII		8
Falconer v Commissioner of Police [No 2]	[2024] WASCA 47	Supreme Court of Western Australia - Court of Appeal	Australia - Western Australia	1 May 2024	AustLII
Fallone v Lanarkshire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust	[2006] ScotCS CSOH_51	Scottish Court of Session	United Kingdom - Scotland	28 Mar 2006	BAILII
Fitzpatrick v White	[2007] IESC 51; [2008] 2 ILRM 99; [2008] 3 IR 551	Supreme Court of Ireland	Republic of Ireland	15 Nov 2007	BAILII		3
Glancy v The Southern General Hospital NHS Trust	[2013] ScotCS CSOH_35	Scottish Court of Session	United Kingdom - Scotland	1 Mar 2013	BAILII
Gregg v Scott	[2005] UKHL 2; [2005] 2 AC 176; [2005] 4 All ER 812; [2005] 2 WLR 268; [2005] All ER (D) 269; 82 BMLR 52	House of Lords	United Kingdom	27 Jan 2005	BAILII		151
Gulati v MGN Ltd	[2015] EWHC 1482; [2015] EWHC 1482 (Ch); [2016] FSR 12; [2016] 2 WLR 1217	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	21 May 2015	BAILII		55
Hassell v Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust	[2018] EWHC 164 (QB)	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	6 Feb 2018	BAILII		1
Haylock v Morris	[2006] ACTSC 86	Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory	Australia - Australian Capital Territory	7 Sep 2006	AustLII		1
Healy v Buckley	[2010] IEHC 191	High Court of Ireland	Republic of Ireland	20 May 2010	BAILII
Hksar v Wong Kwok Kin	[2011] HKCA 185	Hong Kong Court of Appeal	Hong Kong	13 Jun 2011	HKLII
Howell-Williams v Richards Brothers	[2008] EWCA Civ 1108	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	16 Jul 2008	BAILII		3
JM (AP) v Highland Health Board	[2014] ScotCS CSOH_9	Scottish Court of Session	United Kingdom - Scotland	23 Jan 2014	BAILII
Keh v Homerton University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust	[2019] EWHC 548 (QB)	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	8 Mar 2019	BAILII		2
Khalid v Barnet and Chase Farm Hospital NHS Trust	[2007] EWHC 644 (QB)	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	29 Mar 2007	BAILII		2
Khan v Meadows	[2019] EWCA Civ 152; [2019] 4 WLR 26	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	15 Feb 2019	BAILII		3
Khan v MNX	[2018] EWCA Civ 2609; [2019] 4 WLR 3	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	23 Nov 2018	BAILII		1
KM , Re Judicial Review	[2010] ScotCS CSOH_8	Scottish Court of Session	United Kingdom - Scotland	21 Jan 2010	BAILII
LawCite Batohi v Roux)	[2018] ZAKZDHC 56; [2019] 1 All SA 390	Kwazulu-Natal High Court, Durban	South Africa - Kwazulu-Natal High Court, Durban	16 Nov 2018	SAFLII
LawCite Moqhaka Municipality v Mariti (A227/2007)	[2009] ZAFSHC 41	High Court of South Africa - Free State Division	South Africa	2 Feb 2009	SAFLII
Lu v Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust	[2014] EWHC 690 (QB)	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	13 Mar 2014	BAILII		1
Malik v St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust	[2021] EWHC 1913 (QB)	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	12 Jul 2021	BAILII		1
Man Fong Hang v Man Ping Nam	[2005] HKCA 86	Hong Kong Court of Appeal	Hong Kong	1 Mar 2005	HKLII
Marshall (Annissia) v North East Regional Health Authority St Ann's Bay Hospital	[2015] JMCA 118	Court of Appeal of Jamaica	Jamaica	6 Nov 2015	CommonLII
McGaughey v Sunday Newspapers Ltd	[2010] NICh 7	High Court of Justice in Northern Ireland	United Kingdom - Northern Ireland	14 May 2010	BAILII		3
McGlone v Greater Glasgow Health Board	[2011] ScotCS CSOH_63	Scottish Court of Session	United Kingdom - Scotland	6 Apr 2011	BAILII
Meadows v Khan	[2021] UKSC 21; [2022] AC 852; [2021] 3 WLR 147	United Kingdom Supreme Court	United Kingdom	18 Jun 2021	BAILII		33
Meiklejohn v St George's Healthcare NHS Trust	[2013] EWHC 469 (QB)	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	7 Mar 2013	BAILII		1
Meiklejohn v St George's Healthcare NHS Trust	[2014] EWCA Civ 120	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	13 Feb 2014	BAILII		2
Mills v Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust	[2019] EWHC 936 (QB)	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	12 Apr 2019	BAILII		1
Montgomery v Lanarkshire Health Board	[2010] ScotCS CSOH_104	Scottish Court of Session	United Kingdom - Scotland	30 Jul 2010	BAILII
Mosley v News Group Newspapers Ltd	[2008] EWHC 1777; [2008] EWHC 1777 (QB); [2008] EMLR 20	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	24 Jul 2008	BAILII		78
Moy v Pettman Smith	[2005] UKHL 7; [2005] 1 All ER 903; [2005] 1 WLR 581; [2005] PNLR 24	House of Lords	United Kingdom	3 Feb 2005	BAILII		39
Negus v Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust	[2021] EWHC 643 (QB)	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	19 Mar 2021	BAILII		1
NM v Lanarkshire Health Board	[2013] ScotCS CSIH_3	Scottish Court of Session	United Kingdom - Scotland	23 Jan 2013	BAILII
Ollosson v Lee	[2019] EWHC 784 (QB)	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	29 Mar 2019	BAILII		2
Patient A v Health Board X HC Blenheim CIV-2003-406-14	[2005] NZHC 1297	High Court of New Zealand	New Zealand	15 Mar 2005	NZLII
Paul v Cooke	[2012] NSWSC 840	Supreme Court of New South Wales	Australia - New South Wales	25 Jul 2012	AustLII		13
Paul v Cooke	[2013] NSWCA 311; (2013) 85 NSWLR 167	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	19 Sep 2013	AustLII		70
Pepper v Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust	[2020] EWHC 310 (QB)	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	25 Feb 2020	BAILII		1
Pou v British American Tobacco (New Zealand) Ltd HC Auckland CIV-2002-404-1729	[2006] NZHC 451	High Court of New Zealand	New Zealand	3 May 2006	NZLII
Powell University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust	[2023] EWHC 736 (KB)	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	31 Mar 2023	BAILII		2
Price v Cwm Taf University Health Board	[2019] EWHC 938 (QB)	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	15 Apr 2019	BAILII		4
Prison Service v Beart (No 2)	[2005] EWCA Civ 467; [2005] ICR 1206; [2005] IRLR 568	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	26 Apr 2005	BAILII		7
R (Lumba) v Secretary of State for the Home Department	[2011] UKSC 12; [2012] 1 AC 245; [2011] 2 All ER 925; [2011] 2 WLR 671; [2011] All ER (D) 262	United Kingdom Supreme Court	United Kingdom	23 Mar 2011	BAILII		685
R v f	[2007] EWCA Civ 21; [2007] All ER (D) 179; [2007] 1 WLR 1021	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	24 Jan 2007	BAILII		1
Reclaiming Motion by Aw, As Legal Representative of LW Against Greater Glasgow Health Board	[2017] ScotCS CSIH_58	Scottish Court of Session	United Kingdom - Scotland	29 Aug 2017	BAILII
Reynard v Exquisite Quisine Ltd (t/a Latours Cuisine)	[2005] ScotCS CSOH_146	Scottish Court of Session	United Kingdom - Scotland	9 Nov 2005	BAILII
SEM v The Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust	[2005] EWHC B3 (QB)	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	12 Sep 2005	BAILII		1
Shaw v Kovac	[2017] EWCA Civ 1028; [2017] 1 WLR 4773	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	18 Jul 2017	BAILII		14
Solicitor v Law Society of Hong Kong	[2006] HKCFA 42; [2006] 2 HKC 429; (2006) 9 HKCFAR 175; [2006] 2 HKLRD 116	Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal	Hong Kong	20 Mar 2006	HKLII		5
Stephen v Peter	[2005] ScotCS CSOH_38	Scottish Court of Session	United Kingdom - Scotland	16 Mar 2005	BAILII
Thefaut v Johnston	[2017] EWHC 497 (QB)	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	14 Mar 2017	BAILII		3
Wallace v Kam	[2012] NSWCA 82; [2012] Aust Torts Reports 82-101	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	13 Apr 2012	AustLII		28
Wallace v Kam	[2013] HCA 19; (2013) 250 CLR 375; (2013) 297 ALR 383; 87 ALJR 648	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	8 May 2013	AustLII		343
Wallace v Kam	[2013] HCATrans 45	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	13 Mar 2013	AustLII
White v Paul Davidson & Taylor	[2003] EWCA Civ 1511	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	18 Nov 2004	BAILII		2
Wilson v Accident Compensation Corporation	[2005] NZACC 102	New Zealand Accident Compensation Appeals	New Zealand	30 Mar 2005	NZLII
Winston v O'Leary	[2006] IEHC 440	High Court of Ireland	Republic of Ireland	19 Dec 2006	BAILII
Wright v Cambridge Medical Group (a partnership)	[2011] EWCA Civ 669; [2012] 3 WLR 1124; [2011] All ER (D) 85	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	9 Jun 2011	BAILII		4

Law Journal Articles Referring to this Case

Journal Article Title †	Citation(s)	Author	Jurisdiction	Date	Full Text		Citation Index
"Medical Negligence, Causation and Liability for Non-disclosure of Risk: A Post-Wallace Framework and Critique"	(2014) 37 University of New South Wales Law Journal 972	Carver, Tracey; Smith, Malcolm K	Australia	circa 2014	AustLII		1
"Appendix 3 - List of Leading Cases of United Kingdom"	[2011] NLUDLRS 8	Editors	India	circa 2011	LIIofIndia
"Mind the 'Evidential Gap' Causation and Proof in Amaca Pty Ltd v Ellis"	(2009) 31 Sydney Law Review 465	Hamer, David	Australia	circa 2009	AustLII		1
"Legislative Intervention in the Law of Negligence: The Common Law, Statutory Interpretation and Tort Reform in Australia"	(2005) 27 Sydney Law Review 443	McDonald, Barbara	Australia	circa 2005	AustLII		16
"Treating Chance Consistently: Recasting the Approach to Causation and Damage in Negligence"	(2019) 42 Melbourne University Law Review 954	Norton, James	Australia	circa 2019	AustLII
"Offsetting Risks"	(2007) 106 Michigan Law Review 243	Porat, Ariel	United States	1 Jan 2007	WorldLII		1
"Bolam in Australia - More Bark Than Bite?"	(2010) 33 University of New South Wales Law Journal 386	Sappideen, Carolyn	Australia	circa 2010	AustLII		3
"Wrongful Conception, Wrongful Birth and Wrongful Life"	(2005) 27 Sydney Law Review 525	Todd, Stephen	Australia	circa 2005	AustLII		8
"Price of Excessive Damage Awards, The"	(2005) 27 Sydney Law Review 543	Waddams, Stephen	Australia	circa 2005	AustLII		1

Cases and Articles Cited

Case Name †	Citation(s)	Court	Jurisdiction	Date	Full Text		Citation Index
"A Warning about Causation"	(1999) 115 Law Quarterly Review 21	Law Quarterly Review	United Kingdom	circa 1999	Westlaw		3
"Cause in Fact and the Scope of Liability for Consequences"	(2003) 119 Law Quarterly Review 388	Law Quarterly Review	United Kingdom	circa 2003	Westlaw		37
"Clinical Negligence: Informed Consent and Causation"	(2002) 10 Medical Law Review 322	Medical Law Review	United Kingdom	circa 2002	HeinOnline / Westlaw		1
"Informed Consent and Other Fairy Stories"	(1999) 7 Medical Law Review 103	Medical Law Review	United Kingdom	circa 1999	HeinOnline / Westlaw		1
"Medical Non-Disclosure, Causation and Risk: Chappel v Hart"	(1999) 7 Torts Law Journal 1	Torts Law Journal	Australia	circa 1999	LexisNexis AU		6
(2002) 18 PN 192	(2002) 18 PN 192		United Kingdom	circa 2002	Westlaw		1
Banque Bruxelles Lambert SA v Eagle Star Insurance Co Ltd	[1996] UKHL 10; [1997] AC 191; [1996] 3 All ER 365; [1996] PNLR 455; [1996] 3 WLR 87; 50 Con LR 153; [1996] 2 EGLR 93	House of Lords	United Kingdom	20 Jun 1996	BAILII		509
Bolam v Friern Hospital Management Committee	[1957] 2 All ER 118; [1957] 1 WLR 582; (1957) 1 BMLR 1		United Kingdom	circa 1957	LexisNexis		629
Bolitho v City and Hackney Health Authority	[1997] UKHL 46; [1998] AC 232; [1997] 4 All ER 771; [1997] 3 WLR 1151	House of Lords	United Kingdom	13 Nov 1997	BAILII		453
Canterbury v Spence	(1972) 464 F2d 772; 150 USApp DC 263		United States	circa 1972	Westlaw		85
Carslogie Steamship Co Ltd v Royal Norwegian Government	[1951] UKHL 4; [1952] AC 292	House of Lords	United Kingdom	29 Nov 1951	BAILII		26
Central of Georgia Ry v Price	32 SE 77; 106 Ga 176		United States - Georgia	circa 1996			6
Chappel v Hart	(1998) 195 CLR 232; (1998) 156 ALR 517; (1998) 14 Leg Rep 2		Australia - Commonwealth	circa 1998	Legal Online / Westlaw		711
Chester v Afshar	[2002] EWCA Civ 724; [2003] QB 356; [2002] 3 All ER 552; [2003] 2 P & CR 410; [2002] 3 WLR 1195; (2002) 65 BMLR 66; [2002] All ER (D) 413	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	27 May 2002	BAILII		8
Consequences for Failure to Warn of Medical Risks"	(2000) 63 MLR 261		Malaysia	circa 2000			2
Environment Agency v Empress Car Co (Abertillery) Ltd	[1998] UKHL 5; [1999] 2 AC 22; [1998] 1 All ER 481; [1998] 2 WLR 350	House of Lords	United Kingdom	5 Feb 1998	BAILII		229
Fairchild v Glenhaven Funeral Services Ltd	[2002] UKHL 22; [2003] 1 AC 32; [2002] 3 All ER 305; [2002] 3 WLR 89; [2002] All ER (D) 139; [2002] Lloyds Rep Med 361; [2002] PIQR P28; [2002] ICR 798; (2002) 67 BMLR 90; [2002] IRLR 533; 2 SI 125	House of Lords	United Kingdom	20 Jun 2002	BAILII		307
Kuwait Airways Corporation v Iraqi Airways Co (Nos 4 and 5)	[2002] UKHL 19; [2002] 2 AC 883; [2002] 3 All ER 209; [2003] 1 WLR 127; [2002] 1 All ER (Comm) 843; [2002] All ER (D) 252; 70 BMLR 40	House of Lords	United Kingdom	circa 2002	BAILII		310
Ltd v Houlder Brothers & Co , Ltd	(1917) 86 LJKB 1495	King's Bench	United Kingdom	circa 1917			1
March v E & MH Stramare Pty Ltd	[1991] HCA 12; (1991) 171 CLR 506; 99 ALR 423; (1991) 12 MVR 353; (1991) 65 ALJR 334; [1991] Aust Torts Reports 81-095	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	24 Apr 1991	AustLII		2340
Maynard v West Midlands Regional Health Authority	[1985] 1 All ER 635; [1984] 1 WLR 634		United Kingdom	circa 1985	LexisNexis		233
McAllister v Lewisham and North Southwark Health Authority	[1994] 5 Med LR 343		United Kingdom	circa 1994			4
Monarch Steamship Co Ltd v Karlshamns Oljefabriker (A/B)	[1949] AC 196; [1949] 1 All ER 1		United Kingdom	circa 1949	LexisNexis / Westlaw		123
Pearce v United Bristol Healthcare NHS Trust	[1999] PIQR P53		United Kingdom	circa 1999			17
Rogers v Whitaker	[1992] HCA 58; (1992) 175 CLR 479; (1992) 109 ALR 625; (1992) 67 ALJR 47; [1992] Aust Torts Reports 81-189; 51 ATPR 40-771	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	19 Nov 1992	AustLII		793
Sidaway v Board of Governors of the Bethlem Royal Hospital & Maudsley Hospital Board	[1985] UKHL 1; [1985] AC 871; [1985] 1 All ER 643; [1985] 2 WLR 480; (1985) 82 LSG 1256	House of Lords	United Kingdom	21 Feb 1985	BAILII		285
Smith v Barking, Havering and Brentwood Health Authority	[1994] 5 Med LR 285		United Kingdom	circa 1994			21
Smith v Salford Health Authority	[1994] 5 Med LR 321		United Kingdom	circa 1994			4
Smith v Tunbridge Wells Health Authority	[1994] 5 Med LR 334		United Kingdom	circa 1994			8
Stapley v Gypsum Mines Ltd	[1953] UKHL 4; [1953] AC 663; [1953] 2 All ER 478; 489 F 11; [1953] 3 WLR 279	House of Lords	United Kingdom	25 Jun 1953	BAILII		393