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- Consent in Relation to Sexual Offences    

Legislation Cited

Cases and Articles Cited

Case Name †	Citation(s)	Court	Jurisdiction	Date	Full Text		Citation Index
"`A Rape is a Rape, Regardless of What the Victim Was Doing at the Time': Detective Views on How `Problematic' Victims Affect Sexual Assault Case Processing"	(2020) 45 Criminal Justice Review 26	Criminal Justice Review	United States	circa 2020	HeinOnline
"`And Always Keep A-Hold of Nurse, For Fear of Finding Something Worse': Challenging Rape Myths in the Courtroom"	(2010) 13 New Criminal Law Review 710	New Criminal Law Review	United States	circa 2010	HeinOnline / LexisNexis
"`I Think it's Rape and I Think He Would be Found Not Guilty': Focus Group Perceptions of (un)Reasonable Belief in Consent in Rape Law"	(2016) 25 Social and Legal Studies 611	Social and Legal Studies	United Kingdom	circa 2016	Sage
"`Rape-Adjacent': Imagining Legal Responses to Nonconsensual Condom Removal"	(2017) 32 Columbia Journal of Gender and Law 183	Columbia Journal of Gender and Law	United States	circa 2017	HeinOnline / LexisNexis
"A Little Judicial Direction: Can the Use of Jury Directions Challenge Traditional Consent Narratives in Rape Trials?"	(2016) 39 University of New South Wales Law Journal 750	University of New South Wales Law Journal	Australia	circa 2016	HeinOnline
"A Stranger in the Bushes, or an Elephant in the Room? Critical Reflections upon Received Rape Myth Wisdom in the Context of a Mock Jury Study"	(2010) 13 New Criminal Law Review 781	New Criminal Law Review	United States	circa 2010	HeinOnline / LexisNexis
"Alcohol-Related Rape Cases: Barristers' Perspectives on the Sexual Offences Act 2003 and Its Impact on Practice"	(2010) 74 Journal of Criminal Law 579	Journal of Criminal Law	United Kingdom	circa 2010	HeinOnline
"An honest but mistaken belief in London Legislation? Consent, controversy and sexual offence reform in New South Wales"	(2008) 42 Law Teacher 228	Law Teacher	United Kingdom	circa 2008
"Autonomy and Responsibility in Sexual Assault Law in NSW: The Lazarus Cases"	(2019) 31 Current Issues in Criminal Justice 24	Current Issues in Criminal Justice	Australia	circa 2019	HeinOnline / Informit
"Better the Devil you Know? `Real Rape' Stereotypes and the Relevance of a Previous Relationship in (Mock) Juror Deliberations"	(2013) 17 International Journal of Evidence and Proof 299	International Journal of Evidence and Proof		circa 2013	LexisNexis
"Beyond Rape: An Essay on the Difference between the Presence of Force and the Absence of Consent"	(1992) 92 Columbia Law Review 1780	Columbia Law Review	United States	circa 1992	HeinOnline / LexisNexis
"Breaking boundaries? Sexual consent in the jury room"	(2006) 26 Legal Studies 303	Legal Studies	United Kingdom	circa 2006	Wiley ScienceDirect
"Capacity to Consent to Sexual Risk"	(2014) 17 New Criminal Law Review 103	New Criminal Law Review	United States	circa 2014	HeinOnline / LexisNexis
"Communicative Consent in New South Wales: Considering Lazarus v R"	(2018) 43 Alternative Law Journal 96	Alternative Law Journal	Australia	circa 2018	HeinOnline / Informit
"Conditional Consent and Purposeful Deception"	(2018) 82 Journal of Criminal Law 178	Journal of Criminal Law	United Kingdom	circa 2018	HeinOnline
"Constructing Consent: Legislating Freedom And Legitimating Constraint In The Expression Of Sexual Autonomy"	(2008) 41 Akron Law Review 923	Akron Law Review	United States	circa 2008	HeinOnline / LexisNexis
"Date Rape: A Feminist Analysis"	(1989) 8 Law and Philosophy 217	Law and Philosophy		circa 1989
R v McNally	[2013] EWCA Crim 1051; [2014] QB 593	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	27 Jun 2013	BAILII
"Different Functions of Rape Myth Use in Court: Findings from a Trial Observation Study"	(2018) 13 Feminist Criminology 205	Feminist Criminology	United States	circa 2018
"Disputing Consent: The Role of Jury Directions in Victoria"	(2012) 24 Current Issues in Criminal Justice 167	Current Issues in Criminal Justice	Australia	circa 2012	HeinOnline / Informit
"Evidence of Intoxication in Australian Criminal Courts: A Complex Variable with Multiple Effects"	(2017) 43 Monash University Law Review 148	Monash University Law Review	Australia	circa 2017	AustLII
"Expert Evidence to Counteract Jury Misconceptions about Consent in Sexual Assault Cases: Failures and Lessons Learned"	(2020) 43 University of New South Wales Law Journal 707	University of New South Wales Law Journal	Australia	circa 2020	AustLII
"Fraud and Consent in Australian Rape Law"	(2014) 38 Criminal Law Journal 236	Criminal Law Journal	Australia	circa 2014	Legal Online
"Fraud, HIV, and Unprotected Sex: R v Cuerrier"	(1999) 6 Southwestern Journal of Law and Trade in the Americas 157	Southwestern Journal of Law and Trade in the Americas	United States	circa 1999	HeinOnline / LexisNexis
"Fraudulent Sex Criminalisation in Australia: Disparity, Disarray and the Underrated Procurement Offence"	(2020) 43 University of New South Wales Law Journal 581	University of New South Wales Law Journal	Australia	circa 2020	AustLII
"Genderfucking Non-Disclosure: Sexual Fraud, Transgender Bodies, and Messy Identities"	(2018) 41 Dalhousie Law Journal 339	Dalhousie Law Journal	Canada	circa 2018	HeinOnline / LexisNexis
"Governing Heterosexuality through Specific Consent: Interrogating the Governmental Effects of R v J A"	(2012) 24 Canadian Journal of Women and the Law 359	Canadian Journal of Women and the Law	Canada	circa 2012	HeinOnline
"Mistakes That Negate Apparent Consent"	(2019) 43 Criminal Law Journal 159	Criminal Law Journal	Australia	circa 2019	Legal Online
"No Consent: A Historical Critique of the Actus Reus of Rape"	(1999) 3 Edinburgh Law Review 317	Edinburgh Law Review	United Kingdom - Scotland	circa 1999	HeinOnline
"Of “ Normal Sex ” and “ Real Rape ” : Exploring the Use of Socio-Sexual Scripts in (Mock) Jury Deliberation"	(2009) 18 Social and Legal Studies 291	Social and Legal Studies	United Kingdom	circa 2009	Sage
"Offenses of Sex or Violence? Consent, Fraud, and HIV Transmission"	(2014) 17 New Criminal Law Review 135	New Criminal Law Review	United States	circa 2014	HeinOnline / LexisNexis
"Persistent Narratives of Force and Resistance: Affirmative Consent as Law Reform"	(2019) 59 British Journal of Criminology 296	British Journal of Criminology	United Kingdom	circa 2019	HeinOnline / Westlaw
"Putting Jurors First: Legislative Simplification of Jury Directions"	(2019) 43 Criminal Law Journal 180	Criminal Law Journal	Australia	circa 2019	Legal Online
"Queering Judgment: The Case of Gender Identity Fraud"	(2017) 81 Journal of Criminal Law 417	Journal of Criminal Law	United Kingdom	circa 2017	HeinOnline
"R v A (J) and the Risks of Advance Consent to Unconscious Sex"	(2010) 14 Canadian Criminal Law Review 273	Canadian Criminal Law Review	Canada	circa 2010	Westlaw
"Rape Without Consent"	(2006) 26 Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 515	Oxford Journal of Legal Studies	United Kingdom	circa 2006	HeinOnline / LexisNexis
"Re-Framing the Rape Trial: Insights from Critical Theory about the Limitations of Legislative Reform"	(2011) 35 Australian Feminist Law Journal 23	Australian Feminist Law Journal	Australia	circa 2011	HeinOnline / Informit
"Reacting to Rape: Exploring Mock Jurors' Assessments of Complainant Credibility"	(2009) 49 British Journal of Criminology 202	British Journal of Criminology	United Kingdom	circa 2009	HeinOnline / Westlaw
"Reasonable Reform: Understanding the Knowledge of Consent Provision in Section 61HA(3)(c) of the Crimes Act 1900 (NSW)"	(2016) 40 Criminal Law Journal 246	Criminal Law Journal	Australia	circa 2016	Legal Online
"Rethinking sexual consent: Voluntary intoxication and affirmative consent to sex"	(2015) 26 New Zealand Universities Law Review 614	New Zealand Universities Law Review	New Zealand	circa 2015	Westlaw
"Rethinking the Reasonable Belief Defense to Rape"	(1991) 100 Yale Law Journal 2687	Yale Law Journal	United States	circa 1991	HeinOnline / Westlaw
"Sex, Lies and HIV: Mabior and the Concept of Sexual Fraud"	(2013) 63 University of Toronto Law Journal 466	University of Toronto Law Journal	Canada	circa 2013	HeinOnline / LexisNexis
"Sexual Assault Law Reform in New South Wales: Why the Lazarus Litigation Demonstrates No Need for s 61HE of the Crimes Act to be Changed (Except in One Minor Respect)"	(2019) 43 Criminal Law Journal 78	Criminal Law Journal	Australia	circa 2019	Legal Online
"Sexual Assault Law Reform in NSW: Issues of Consent and Objective Fault"	(2008) 32 Criminal Law Journal 152	Criminal Law Journal	Australia	circa 2008	Legal Online
"Stealthing: A Criminal Offence?"	(2019) 31 Current Issues in Criminal Justice 217	Current Issues in Criminal Justice	Australia	circa 2019	HeinOnline / Informit
"Survivors Speak: How the Criminal Justice System Responds to Sexual Violence"	(2019) 31 Bond Law Review 21	Bond Law Review	Australia	circa 2019	Australia / Informit
"The Changing Nature of Rape: The New South Wales (Sexual Offences) Amendment Act 1981"	(1984) 19 Australian Journal of Social Issues 79	Australian Journal of Social Issues	Australia	circa 1984	Informit
"The Chaotic the Law of Rape in Victoria: A Mandate for Reform"	(2014) 78 Journal of Criminal Law 326	Journal of Criminal Law	United Kingdom	circa 2014	HeinOnline
"The Demon Drink and the Demonized Woman: Socio-Sexual Stereotypes and Responsibility Attribution in Rape Trials Involving Intoxicants"	(2007) 16 Social and Legal Studies 591	Social and Legal Studies	United Kingdom	circa 2007	Sage
"The Law and Psychology of Jury Instructions"	(1990) 69 Nebraska Law Review 71	Nebraska Law Review	United States	circa 1990	HeinOnline / LexisNexis
"The Meaning of `Intoxication' in Australian Criminal Cases: Origins and Operation"	(2018) 21 New Criminal Law Review 170	New Criminal Law Review	United States	circa 2018	HeinOnline / LexisNexis
"The Mens Rea for Sexual Assault, Sexual Touching and Sexual Act Offences in New South Wales: Leave it Alone (Although You Might Consider Imposing an Evidential Burden on the Accused)"	(2019) 48 Australian Bar Review 63	Australian Bar Review	Australia	circa 2019	LexisNexis AU
"The Sexual Offences Act 2003: (1) Rape, Sexual Assaults and the Problems of Consent"	[2004] Criminal Law Review 328	Criminal Law Review	United Kingdom	circa 2004	Westlaw
"The Timing of Consent"	(2019) 5 Criminal Law Review 394	Criminal Law Review	United Kingdom	circa 2019	Westlaw
"Tied Hands? A Doctrinal and Policy Argument for the Validity of Advance Consent"	(2014) 18 Canadian Criminal Law Review 119	Canadian Criminal Law Review	Canada	circa 2014	Westlaw
"Turning Mirrors Into Windows?: Assessing the Impact of (Mock) Juror Education in Rape Trials"	(2009) 49 British Journal of Criminology 363	British Journal of Criminology	United Kingdom	circa 2009	HeinOnline / Westlaw
"Unspeakable Subjects, Impossible Rights: Sexuality, Integrity and the Criminal Law"	(1998) 11 Canadian Journal of Law and Jurisprudence 47	Canadian Journal of Law and Jurisprudence	Canada	circa 1998	HeinOnline / LexisNexis
"What do we Know about Rape Myths and Juror Decision Making?"	(2020) 24 International Journal of Evidence and Proof 255	International Journal of Evidence and Proof		circa 2020	LexisNexis
"Why Her Behaviour is Still on Trial: The Absence of Context in the Modernisation of the Substantive Law on Consent"	(2019) 42 University of New South Wales Law Journal 462	University of New South Wales Law Journal	Australia	circa 2019	AustLII
Adams v R	[2018] NSWCCA 303	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	20 Dec 2018	AustLII
Alford v Magee	[1952] HCA 3; (1952) 85 CLR 437; [1952] ALR 101	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	5 Mar 1952	AustLII
Arnol v R	[1981] TASRp 15; (1981) 7 A Crim R 291; [1981] Tas R 157		Australia - Tasmania	2 Sep 1981	AustLII
Assange v Swedish Prosecution Authority	[2011] EWHC 2849	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	circa 2011	BAILII
Assange v Swedish Prosecution Authority	[2012] EWHC 2849	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	circa 2012	BAILII
Aubertin v Western Australia	[2006] WASCA 229; (2006) 33 WAR 87; (2006) 167 A Crim R 1	Supreme Court of Western Australia - Court of Appeal	Australia - Western Australia	7 Nov 2006	AustLII
Australian Law Reform Commission and NSW Law Reform Commission, Family Violence: A National Legal Response, ALRC Report
Australian Law Reform Commission and NSW Law Reform Commission, Family Violence: A National Legal Response, ALRC Report	114 NSWLRC 128	New South Wales Law Reform Commission	Australia - New South Wales	circa 2019	AustLII
Australian Law Reform Commission, NSW Law Reform Commission and Victorian Law Reform Commission, Uniform Evidence Law, ALRC Report	102 NSWLRC 112	New South Wales Law Reform Commission	Australia - New South Wales		AustLII
Ba v R	[2015] NSWCCA 189	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	17 Jul 2015	AustLII
Banditt v R	[2005] HCA 80; (2005) 224 CLR 262; 223 ALR 633; 80 ALJR 421; 157 A Crim R 420	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	15 Dec 2005	AustLII
Bennett v R	[1991] TASRp 3; [1991] Tas R 11		Australia - Tasmania	26 Mar 1991	AustLII
Bull v R	[2000] HCA 24; (2000) 201 CLR 443; (2000) 171 ALR 613; (2000) 110 A Crim R 562; (2000) 21 Leg Rep C9; (2000) 74 ALJR 836	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	circa 2000	AustLII
Day v R	[2017] NSWCCA 192	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	11 Aug 2017	AustLII
Dean v R	[2006] NSWCCA 341; 166 A Crim R 341	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	26 Oct 2006	AustLII
DJB v R	[2007] NSWCCA 209	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	17 Jul 2007	AustLII
DPP v Morgan	[1975] UKHL 3; [1976] AC 182; [1975] 2 All ER 347; (1975) 61 Cr App R 136	House of Lords	United Kingdom	30 Apr 1975	BAILII
DPP v o'R	[2016] IESC 64	Supreme Court of Ireland	Republic of Ireland	11 Nov 2016	BAILII
Ewen v R	[2015] NSWCCA 117; (2015) 250 A Crim R 544	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	27 May 2015	AustLII
Gillard v R	[2014] HCA 16; 216 CLR 515; 308 ALR 190; 88 ALJR 606; 236 A Crim R 586	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	14 May 2014	AustLII
GP v R	[2016] NSWCCA 150	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	3 Aug 2016	AustLII
Greenhalgh v R	[2017] NSWCCA 94	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	15 May 2017	AustLII
GW v HM Advocate	[2019] HCJAC 23		United Kingdom - Scotland	circa 2019
Holt v R	[2019] NSWCCA 50	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	circa 2019	AustLII
Hoyle v R	[2018] ACTCA 42; (2018) 339 FLR 11	Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory - Court of Appeal	Australia - Australian Capital Territory	20 Sep 2018	AustLII
Ith v R	[2012] NSWCCA 70	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	26 Apr 2012	AustLII
Jacobs (a Pseudonym) v R	[2019] VSCA 285	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	6 Dec 2019	AustLII
Jarrett v R	[2014] NSWCCA 140; (2014) 86 NSWLR 623	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	28 Jul 2014	AustLII
John Fairfax Publications Pty Ltd v Ryde Local Court	[2005] NSWCA 101; (2005) 220 ALR 248; (2005) 62 NSWLR 512; 152 A Crim R 527	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	11 Apr 2005	AustLII
Kelleher v R	[1974] HCA 48; (1974) 131 CLR 534; 4 ALR 450; (1974) 48 ALJR 502	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	6 Nov 1974	AustLII
Keogh v R	[2018] VSCA 145	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	6 Jun 2018	AustLII
Kilby v R	[1973] HCA 30; (1973) 129 CLR 460; 1 ALR 283; 47 ALJR 369	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	29 Aug 1973	AustLII
Lazarus v R	[2016] NSWCCA 52	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	12 Apr 2016	AustLII
Livas v R	[2015] ACTCA 54	Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory - Court of Appeal	Australia - Australian Capital Territory	13 Aug 2015	AustLII
Macfie v R	[2012] VSCA 314	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	17 Dec 2012	AustLII
McGrath v R	[2010] NSWCCA 48; (2010) 199 A Crim R 527	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	24 Mar 2010	AustLII
McGrory v R	[2018] NSWCCA 226	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	12 Oct 2018	AustLII
Mobilio v R	[1991] VicRp 28; [1991] 1 VR 339; (1990) 50 A Crim R 170		Australia - Victoria	1 Jun 1990	AustLII
O ’ Sullivan v R	[2012] NSWCCA 45; 233 A Crim R 449	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	18 Sep 2012	AustLII
Onnis v R	[2013] VSCA 271	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	24 Sep 2013	AustLII
Papadimitropoulos v R	[1957] HCA 74; (1957) 98 CLR 249; [1958] ALR 21	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	18 Nov 1957	AustLII
Question of Law Reserved on Acquittal (No1 of 1993)	[1993] SASC 3896; (1993) 59 SASR 214; (1993) 66 A Crim R 259	Supreme Court of South Australia	Australia - South Australia	20 Apr 1993	AustLII
R v Aiken	[2005] NSWCCA 328; 63 NSWLR 719; 157 A Crim R 515	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	20 Sep 2005	AustLII
R v Ba	[2014] NSWCCA 148	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	30 Jul 2014	AustLII
R v Barton	[2019] SCC 33; [2019] 2 SCR 579			circa 2019
R v Brown	[1990] Tas R 46		Australia - Tasmania	circa 1990
R v Burton	[2013] NSWCCA 335; (2013) 237 A Crim R 238	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	20 Dec 2013	AustLII
R v Clarence	[1888] UKLawRpKQB 175; [1886-90] All ER 133; (1888) 22 QBD 23; 59 LT 780; 53 JP 1-19; 58 LJMC 10		United Kingdom	20 Nov 1888	CommonLII
R v Cuerrier	[1998] 2 SCR 371	Supreme Court of Canada	Canada	3 Sep 1998	Supreme Court of Canada
R v Cutts	[2005] QCA 306	Supreme Court of Queensland - Court of Appeal	Australia - Queensland	23 Aug 2005	AustLII
R v Daly	[1968] VicRp 30; [1968] VR 257		Australia - Victoria	6 Apr 1965	AustLII
R v DC	[2012] 2 SCR 626			circa 2012
R v Dee	(1884) 15 Cox CC 579		United Kingdom	circa 1884
R v Ewanchuk	[1999] 1 SCR 330; (1999) 131 CCC (3d) 481; 169 DLR (4th) 193	Supreme Court of Canada	Canada	circa 1999
R v Flattery	[1877] UKLawRpKQB 20; (1877) 2 QBD 410		United Kingdom	3 Feb 1877	CommonLII
R v Flood	[1999] NSWCCA 198	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	23 Jul 1999	AustLII
R v Gallienne	[1964] NSWR 919		Australia - New South Wales	circa 1964
R v Hutchinson	[2014] 1 SCR 346			circa 2014
R v Ja	[2011] 2 SCR 440			circa 2011
R v Lazarus	[2017] NSWCCA 279; (2017) 270 A Crim R 378	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	27 Nov 2017	AustLII
R v Linekar	[1994] EWCA Crim 2; [1995] QB 250; [1995] 3 All ER 69; [1994] TLR 528; [1995] 2 WLR 237	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	21 Oct 1994	BAILII
R v Livas	[2015] ACTSC 50	Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory	Australia - Australian Capital Territory	6 Feb 2015	AustLII
R v Mabior	[2012] SCC 47; [2012] 2 SCR 584; (2012) 352 DLR (4th) 619			circa 2012
R v Makary	[2018] QCA 258; [2019] 2 Qd R 528	Supreme Court of Queensland - Court of Appeal	Australia - Queensland	9 Oct 2018	AustLII
R v McNally	[2013] EWCA Crim 1051; [2014] QB 593	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	27 Jun 2013	BAILII
R v Mitton	[2002] NSWCCA 124; 132 A Crim R 123	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	30 Jul 2002	AustLII
R v MM	[2018] NSWDC 181	District Court of New South Wales	Australia - New South Wales	8 Mar 2018	AustLII
R v Morgan	[1970] VicRp 43; [1970] VR 337		Australia - Victoria	24 Sep 1969	AustLII
R v Mrzljak	[2004] QCA 420; [2005] 1 Qd R 308; (2004) 152 A Crim R 315	Supreme Court of Queensland - Court of Appeal	Australia - Queensland	5 Nov 2004	AustLII
R v Mueller	[2005] NSWCCA 47; 62 NSWLR 476	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	25 Feb 2005	AustLII
R v NLR	[2008] NTSC 10; (2008) 181 A Crim R 146; (2008) 22 NTLR 122	Supreme Court of the Northern Territory	Australia - Northern Territory	20 Feb 2008	AustLII
R v Rajakaruna	[2004] VSCA 114; (2004) 8 VR 340; (2004) 146 A Crim R 238	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	23 Jun 2004	AustLII
R v Rivera	[2019] ONSC 3918	Superior Court of Justice	Canada - Ontario	circa 2019	CanLII
R v S	[2015] NZHC 801	High Court of New Zealand	New Zealand	23 Apr 2015	NZLII
R v Saran	[2018] ACTSC 234	Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory	Australia - Australian Capital Territory	28 Aug 2018	AustLII
R v Shaw	[1995] QCA 45; [1996] 1 Qd R 641; (1995) 78 A Crim R 150	Supreme Court of Queensland - Court of Appeal	Australia - Queensland	28 Feb 1995	AustLII
R v Tamawiwy (No 2)	[2015] ACTSC 302; 11 ACTLR 82	Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory	Australia - Australian Capital Territory	24 Sep 2015	AustLII
R v Tolmie	(1995) 37 NSWLR 660; (1996) 84 A Crim R 293		Australia - New South Wales	circa 1995	LexisNexis AU
R v Wiggins, Scott Lyle	[2001] NSWCCA 60	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	15 Mar 2001	AustLII
R v Williams	[1923] 1 KB 340; [1922] All ER 433		United Kingdom	circa 1923	LexisNexis / Westlaw
R v XHR	[2012] NSWCCA 247	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	23 Nov 2012	AustLII
R(f) v DPP	[2013] EWHC 945	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	circa 2013	BAILII
Scott v R	[2020] NSWCCA 81	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	29 Apr 2020	AustLII
Snow v R	[1962] TASStRp 26; [1962] Tas SR 271		Australia - Tasmania	18 Oct 1962	AustLII
Wo v DPP (NSW)	[2009] NSWCCA 275	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	16 Nov 2009	AustLII
3 Ir 322	3 IR 322			circa 2009